L'ironie dans l'allégorie chez Rutebeuf
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4312/an.40.1-2.177-185Keywords:
RutebeufAbstract
Occupant une place très importante parmi les auteurs français du XIII siècle, Rutebeuf se sert dans sa poésie morale et satirique de l'allégorie, figure rhétorique typique pour le Moyen Age, dans la poésie liée surtout à la thématique du voyage. Dans les suvres de Rutebeuf l'allégorie est jointe le plus souvent à la satire, genre de prédiléction du discours ironique. Se dressant de manière symbolique contre l'écroulement des valeurs traditionnelles l'auteur prend pour l'objet de son ironie la corruption de la société contemporaine, surtout celle des ordres mendinats, coupables selon lui pour l'emprise des vices sur l'humanité. Pour éviter la généralization avec laquelle le systeme allégorique des personifications empreint perspective satirique et ironique Rutebeuf combine les modèles allégoriques différents, créant ainsi une situation a priori dramatique dont témoignent par exemple ses suvres Le débat du croisé et du décroisé, la Leçon sur Hypocrisie et Humilité ou Le dit du mensonge.
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