Algoritemsko nasilje
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34291/BV2024/04/StrahovnikKljučne besede:
umetna inteligenca, algoritmi, nasilje, algoritemsko nasilje, spoznavna nepravičnost, pristranskostPovzetek
Razvoj najnovejših sistemov in orodij na področju umetne inteligence ter poudarek na etičnih vprašanjih, ki jih to prinaša, je v literaturi sprožil pojav novega pojma – algoritemsko nasilje. Vezan je na nastanek, uporabo in posledice rabe sistemov umetne inteligence, ki temeljijo na algoritmih. Naš cilj v tem prispevku bo analiza in kritično ovrednotenje tega pojma. Ugotovitve bodo pretežno skeptične. Trdili bomo, da ta pojem pomembne etične dileme v zvezi z uporabo umetne inteligence do neke mere sicer izpostavlja, vendar pa jih precej bolj smiselno in natančno označujejo drugi izrazi, kot so pristranskost, diskriminacija, izključevanje, stereotipi, marginalizacija, nepravičnost, netransparentnost ipd. Uporaba pojma algoritemsko nasilje tako ni dobro utemeljena in ne prinaša posebnih teoretskih ali praktičnih prednosti ali koristi.
Metrike
Prenosi
Literatura
Arendt, Hannah. 1969. On Violence. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers.
Bauman, Zygmund. 2006. Moderna in holokavst. Ljubljana: Študentska založba.
Bellanova, Rocco, Kristina Irion, Katja Lindskov Jacobsen, Francesco Ragazzi, Rune Saugmann in Lucy Suchman. 2021. Toward a Critique of Algorithmic Violence. International Political Sociology 15:121–150.
Bostrom, Nick, in Eliezer Yudkowsky. 2014. The ethics of artificial intelligence. V: Keith Frankish in William Ramsey, ur. Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, 316–334. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Dotson, Kristie. 2011. Tracking epistemic violence, tracking patterns of silencing. Hypatia 26, št. 2:236–257.
Dwyer, Philip. 2022. Violence. New York: Oxford University Press.
EU. 2004. Akt o umetni inteligenci. Lex Europa. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/SL/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206 (pridobljeno 23. 5. 2024)
Fricker, Miranda. 2003. Epistemic Injustice and a Role for Virtue in the Politics of Knowing, Metaphilosophy, 34 št. 1-2:54–73.
– – –. 2007. Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Galtung, Johan. 1969. Violence, Peace, and Peace Research. Journal of Peace Research 6, št. 3:167–191.
Huws, Ursula, in trije anonimni soavtorji_ice. 2024. Algorithmic violence: Towards an interdisciplinary understanding of bullying in academia. Work Organisation, Labour & Globalisation 18, št. 1: 97–122. Https://doi.org/10.13169/workorgalaboglob.18.1.0097
Kockelman, Paul. 2020. The Epistemic and Performative Dynamics of Machine Learning Praxis. Signs and Society 8, št. 2:319–355. Https://doi.org/10.1086/708249
Mbalaka, Blessing. 2023. Epistemically violent biases in artificial intelligence design: the case of DALLE-E 2 and Starry AI. Digital Transformation and Society 2, št. 4:376–402.
McKinnon, Rachel. 2016. Epistemic Injustice. Philosophy Compass 11, št. 8: 437–446.
Miklavčič, Jonas. 2021. Zaupanje in uspešnost umetne inteligence v medicini. Bogoslovni vestnik 81, št. 4:935–946.
– – –. 2023. Ideal transparentnosti v digitalni dobi. Bogoslovni vestnik 83, št. 4:825–838.
Nixon, Rob. 2011. Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Onuoha, Mimi. 2018. Algorithmic Violence. Github. Https://github.com/MimiOnuoha/On-Algorithmic-Violence (pridobljeno 21. 7. 2024).
Raaijmakers, Stephan. 2022. Deep learning for natural language processing. Shelter Island, NY: Manning.
Safransky, Sara. 2019. Geographies Of Algorithmic Violence: Redlining the Smart City. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 44, št. 2:200–218.
Spivak, Gayatri. 1998. Can the subaltern speak? V: Cary Nelson in Lawrence Grossberg, ur. Marxism and the interpretation of culture, 271–313. Urbana: University of Illinois Pres
Strahovnik, Vojko. 2018. Spoznavna (ne)pravičnost, krepost spoznavne ponižnosti in monoteizem. Bogoslovni vestnik 78, št. 2:299–311.
– – –. 2023. Etični in teološki izzivi velikih jezikovnih modelov. Bogoslovni vestnik 83, št. 4:839–852. Https://doi.org/10.34291/BV2023/04/Strahovnik
Strahovnik, Vojko, Jonas Miklavčič in Mateja Centa Strahovnik. 2020. Etični vidiki uporabe algoritemskega odločanja in ostalih sistemov UI v času pandemij oz. izrednih razmer. Bogoslovni vestnik, 80, št. 2:321–334. Https://doi.org/10.34291/BV2020/02/Strahovnik
Weidinger, Laura, Jonathan Uesato, Maribeth Rauh, Conor Griffin, Po-Sen Huang, John Mellor, Amelia Glaese, Myra Cheng, Borja Balle, Atoosa Kasirzadeh, Courtney Biles, Sasha Brown, Zac Kenton, Will Hawkins, Tom Stepleton, Abeba Birhane, Lisa Anne Hendricks, Laura Rimell, William Isaac, Julia Haas, Sean Legassick, Geoffrey Irving in Iason Gabriel. 2022. Taxonomy of Risks posed by Language Models. V: 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT '22), 214–229. New York, NY: Association for Computing Machinery.
WHO. 1996. WHO Global Consultation on Violence and Health. Violence: A Public Health Priority. Ženeva: World Health Organization.
– – –. 2002. The world report on violence and health. Uredili Etienne G.Krug, Linda L. Dahlberg, James A. Mercy, Anthony B. Zwi in Rafael Lozano. Ženeva: World Health Organization.
Žalec, Bojan. 2023. Ali je umetna inteligenca inteligenca v pravem pomenu besede? Vprašanje psihičnih značilnosti in splošnost. Bogoslovni vestnik 83, št. 4:813–823. Https://doi.org/10.34291/BV2023/04/Zalec
Prenosi
Objavljeno
Številka
Rubrika
Kako citirati
