Distribution of diatoms in springs in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14720/ns.10.1.21-37Keywords:
diatoms, periphyton, springs, Julian AlpsAbstract
In the Julian Alps (Slovenia), the diatom communities of 16 mountain springs were studied between May and October 1999. Four of them were sampled monthly for a more detailed investigation of seasonal changes in community structure. The sampling was performed by scraping of the rock surface. In all sampling stations, physical and chemical parameters were measured. The purpose of the work was qualitative assessment of the diatom communities. The diatom flora of these springs consisted of 60 diatom taxa and showed similarities with springs and headwater stream diatom communities from different geographic areas. Achnanthes minuttisima reached the highest relative abundance in most of the samples. Characteristic spring taxa (crenophiles) were present, but also included subdominant and rare taxa. Five different spring types were identified, with respect to diatom assemblages, using cluster analysis. Current velocity and periodical dryness in a spring appeared to be the dominant environmental factor affecting diatom distribution in selecting karst springs. In some springs, however, peculiar environmental factors (dim light, ionic strength) affected the structure of diatom assamblages. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was the highest in permanent springs.
References
American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation (1992): Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 18. izdaja, American Public Health Association, Washington D.C.
Brancelj A., Gaberščik, A., Urbanc-Berčič O., Šiško M., Jerebič A. (1995): Fizikalne, kemijske in biološke analize v petih izvirih na območju Triglavskega narodnega parka. Inštitut za biologijo, Ljubljana, 9 str.
Cantonati M. (1998): Diatom communites of springs in the southern Alps. Diatom Research 13(2): 201-220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.1998.9705449
Cantonati M., Gerecke R., Bertuzzi E. (2006): Springs of the Alps – sensitive ecosystems to environmenal change: from biodiversity assessments to long – term studies. Hydrobiologia 562: 59-96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-1806-9
Clarke K.R., Warwick R.M. (1990): Lecture notes for the training workshop on the statistical treatment and the interpretation on marine community data. Split, 26 June ̵ 6 July 1990. Part II. ̵ Long term Programme for pollution Monitoring and Research in the Mediterranean Sea. (MED POL-Phase II), FAO, Unesco, Unep, 42 str.
Cox E.J. (1990): Studies on the algae of a small softwater stream. Occurrence and distribution with particular reference to the diatoms. Arch. Hydrobiol./Suppl. 83: 525-552.
Di Sabatino A., Gerecke R., D'Alfonso S., Cicolani B. (1997): Prime considerazioni sulla biodiversita delle sorgenti Italiane: la taxocenosi ad acari acquarici (Acari, Actinedida, Hydrachnidia). S. It. E. Atti 18: 171-174.
Gams I. (1974): Kras. Zgodovinski, naravoslovni in geografski oris. Slovenska matica, Ljubljana, str. 40-60.
Hynes H.B.N. (1976): The ecology of running waters. 3. izdaja. Liverpool University Press, 555 str.
Kosi G., Vrhovšek D. (1996): Sladkovodne alge. Narava Slovenije, stanje in perspektive, Društvo ekologov Slovenije, Ljubljana, str. 143-146.
Lange-Bertalot H., Krammer K. (1986-1991): Sußwasserflora von Mitteleuropa (H. Ettl, J. Gerloof, H. Heynig, D. Mollenhauer), Bacillariophyceae. Naviculaceae, 2/1, 876 str. Bacillariaceae, Ephitemiaceae, Surirellaceae. 2/2, 596 str. Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. 2/3, 576 str. Achnanthaceae, 2/4, 437 str. G. Fischer, Stuttgart, New York.
Lange-Bertalot H. (1978): Diatomeen-Differentialarten anstelle von Leitformen: ein geeinneteres Kriterium der Gewässerbelastung. Algol. Stud. 21: 393-427.
Lange-Bertalot H., Metzeltin D. (1996): Indicators of Oligotrophy. Iconographia Diatom. 2: 1-390.
Lange-Bertalot H., Steindorf A. (1996): Rote Liste der limnischen Kieselalgen (Bacillariophyceae) Deutschlands. Schr.-R. F. Vegetationskde 28: 633-677.
Lazar J. (1969): Prispevek k flori alg Triglavskega narodnega parka. Varstvo narave (Nature conservation) 6: 37-50.
Müller P. (1980): Biogeographie. Ulmer, Stuttgart, 366 str.
Margalef R. (1949): Las asociaciones de algas en las aguas dulces de pequeno volomen del noreste de Espana. Vegetatio 1: 258-284. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00184535
Melik A. (1950): Planine v Julijskih Alpah. Dela SAZU, Ljubljana, 98 str.
Newbold J.D. (1992): Cycles and spirals of nutrients. River Handbook - Volume one, Hydrological and ecological Principles. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, str. 469-475.
Odum E.P. (1971): Fundamentals of ecology. Sounders, Philadelphia, 564 str.
Patrick R. (1977): Ecology of freshwater diatoms and diatom communities. The biology of diatoms. University of California Press, Berkeley, 328 str.
Robinson C.T., Rushforth, S.R. (1987): Effects of physical disturbance and canopy cover on attached diatom community strucure in an Idaho stream. Hydrobiologia 154: 49-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00026830
Rott E. (1991): Methodological aspects and perspectives in the use of periphyton for monitoring and protecting rivers. V: Whitton B.A., Rott E., Friedrich G. (ur.), Use of algae for monitoring rivers. Institut fur Botanik, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, str. 9-16.
Round F.E. (1981): The ecology of algae. University Press, Cambridge, 653 str.
Sabater S., Roca J.R. (1990): Some factors affecting distribution of diatom assemblages in Pyrenean springs. Freshwater Biology 24: 493-507. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1990.tb00727.x
Shannon C.E., Weaver W. (1949): The mathematical theory of communication. University of Illinois press, Urbana, 117 str.
Statzner B. (1981): Shannon-Weaver of the macrobenthos in the Schierenseebrooks (North Germany) and problems of its use for the interpretation of the community structure. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 21: 782-786. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1980.11897087
Steinman A.D., McIntire C.D. (1986): Effects of current velocity and light energy on the structure of periphyton assemblages in laboratory streams. J. Phycol. 22: 352-361. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.1986.tb00035.x
Stevenson R.J., Bothwell M.L., Lowe R.L. (1996): Algal Ecology: Freshwater Benthic Ecosystems. Adademic Press, San Diego, 753 str.
Sumita M., Watanabe T. (1983): New general estimation of river pollution using new diatom community index (NDCI). Biological indicators based on specific composition epilithic diatom communities. Jap. J. Limnol. 44(4): 329-340. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3739/rikusui.44.329
Van Dam H., Mertens A., Janmaat L.M. (1993): De invloed van atmosferische depositie op diatomeeen en chemische samenstelling van het water in sprengen, beken en bronnen (The impact of atmospheric deposition on diatoms and chemistry in running waters in The Netherlands). IBN-report 052. DLO Institute for forestry and nature reaserch, Wageningen, 124 str.
Van Dam H., Mertens A., Sinkeldam J. (1994): A coded checklist and ecological indicator values of fresh water diatoms from the Netherlands. Netherlands journal of aquatic ecology 28(1): 117-133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02334251
Vannote R.L. Minshal G.W., Cummins K.W., Sedell J.R., Cushing C.E. (1980): The river continuum concept. Can. J. Fish. Aguat. Sci. 37: 130-137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/f80-017
Vinson D.K., Rushforth S.R. (1989): Diatom species composition along a thermal gradient in the Portneuf River, Idaho, USA. Hydrobiologia 185: 41-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00006066
Ward J.V., Dufford R.G. (1979): Longitudinal and seasonal distribution of macroinvertebrates and epilithic algae in a Colorado spring brook-pond system. Arch. Hydrobiologia 86(3): 284-321.
Warncke E. (1980): Spring areas: ecology, vegetation and comments on similarity coefficient applied to plant communities. Holarctic ecology 3: 233-308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1980.tb01226.x
Wilhm J.L., Dorris T.C. (1980): Biological parameters for water quality criteria. Bioscience 18: 477-488. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1294272
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2008 Zveza za tehnično kulturo Slovenije
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
