Skladenjski prevodni premiki pri prevajanju določb v mednarodnih sporazumih iz angleščine v slovenščino na primeru enostavčnih povedi

Nataša Gajšt

doi:10.4312/vestnik.15.117-135

Authors

Nataša Gajšt University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Arts, Slovenia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4312/vestnik.15.117-135

Keywords:

translation shifts, syntax, legal language, treaties, English, Slovenian

Abstract

The translation of normative texts is subject to strict rules. These rules are related to the high degree of linguistic accuracy required, because these translations are legally binding. Legal language, which includes the language of normative legal texts, has some key characteristics. These are nominalization, the presence of complex noun structures and frequent use of passive tenses. Differences in the syntactic structures of individual languages may result in syntax-related translation shifts when provisions in treaties are translated from one language to another. This paper brings the results of a quantitative and qualitative analysis of syntax-related translation shifts in Slovenian translations of these provisions written in English as the legal lingua franca. The analysis was carried out at the syntactic levels of the sentence and the clause, and it included English simple sentences only. The main finding of our research is that Slovenian translations mostly retain the simple sentence structure. Shifts to a complex sentence structure occur when a complex noun phrase is translated as a subordinate clause. At the clause level, the shifts are caused by the change in the order of the clause elements or by the change from the English passive to the Slovene active verb form. However, even at this level, shifts are not frequent. We conclude that the translators adhere to the principle of equivalence and the high accuracy of translations of normative texts in terms of preserving the sequence of the information they include while observing the characteristics of legal Slovenian.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bibliografija

ANESA, Patrizia (2019) Towards a conceptualization of legal English as a lingua franca. International Journal of English Linguistics 9(6), 14–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n6p14

BELŠAK, Aleksandra (2005) Besedne zveze. Pravna praksa 24(6), 23.

BHATIA, Vijay K. (1993) Analysing Genre: Language Use in Professional Settings. London: Longman.

BHATIA, Vijay K. (1994) Cognitive structuring of legislative provisions. J. P. Gibbons (ur.), Language and the Law. London: Longman, 136–155.

CAO, Deborah (2007) Translating Law. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21832/9781853599552

CATFORD, John Cunnison (1965) A Linguistic Theory of Translation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

CRYSTAL, David/Derek DAVY (2013) Investigating English Style. London/New York: Routledge.

DOVAL REIXA, Irene/María Teresa SÁNCHEZ NIETO (2019) Parallel Corpora for Contrastive and Translation Studies: New Resources and Applications. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.90

EGGINS, Suzanne (2004) Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. London: Continuum International Publishing Group.

FONTAINE, Lise (2012) Analysing English Grammar: A Systemic Functional Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139026635

GRUNTAR JERMOL, Ada (2013) Značilnosti normativnih in informativnih pravnih besedil. A. Žele (ur.), Družbena funkcijskost jezika (vidiki, merila, opredelitve). Ljubljana: Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete, 165–171. https://doi.org/https://centerslo.si/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/32-GruntarJermol.pdf (23. 1. 2023).

HAGE, Jaap (2017) Basic concepts of law. J. Hage/A. Waltermann/B. Akkermans (ur.), Introduction to Law. London/New York: Springer, 33–52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57252-9_3

HASKO, Victoria (2013) Qualitative corpus analysis. C. A. Chapelle (ur.), The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 4758–4764. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal0974

HRIBAR, Nataša (2014) O nominalizaciji. Pravna praksa 33(2), 31.

JACKSON, Bernard (1995) Making Sense in Law. Linguistic, Psychological and Semiotic Perspectives. Liverpool: Deborah Charles Publications.

KALIN GOLOB, Monika (2002) Slovenščina v pravni praksi (73. del): „Kdo se boji trpnika?“. Pravna praksa 21(4), 35.

KALIN GOLOB, Monika (2003) Slovenščina v pravni praksi (120. del): Izdaja izrekanja. Pravna praksa 22(17), 39.

KOCBEK, Alenka (2011) Prevajanje pravnih besedil: pasti in strategije v prevodih pogodb. Koper: Fakulteta za management.

McENERY, Tony T./Andrew HARDIE (2012) Corpus Linguistics: Method, Theory and Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511981395

MIKHAILOV, Mikhail/Robert COOPER (2016) Corpus Linguistics for Translation and Contrastive Studies: A Guide for Research. Oxon: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315624570

MINISTRSTVO ZA ZUNANJE ZADEVE REPUBLIKE SLOVENIJE (2011) Dunajska konvencija o pravu mednarodnih pogodb (1969). https://www.gov.si/assets/ministrstva/MZZ/Dokumenti/multilaterala/mednarodno-pravo/Dunajska-konvencija-o-pravu-mednarodnih-pogodb.pdf (15. 8. 2022).

MORLEY, G. David (2000) Syntax in Functional Grammar: An Introduction to Lexicogrammar in Systemic Linguistics. London: Continuum.

MURAVEV, Yury (2020) Teaching legal English translation by the case method in Russian-English language pair. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8(4), 961–971. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8493 (28. 5. 2023). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8493

NOVAK, Marko (2002a) Formalnost pravnega jezika. Pravna praksa 21(36), 35.

NOVAK, Marko (2002b) Pravniško pisanje na Slovenskem (II. del). Pravna praksa 21(5), 34–35.

NOVAK, Marko (2005) Uvod v pravno pisanje. Ljubljana: GV Izobraževanje.

SCHLAMBERGER BREZAR, Mojca (2020) Slovenščina v prevodih pravnih aktov Evropske unije od začetka do danes. J. Vogel (ur.), Slovenščina – diskurzi, zvrsti in jeziki med identiteto in funkcijo. Ljubljana: Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete, 145–152. https://doi.org/doi:10.4312/Obdobja.39.145-152 (27. 1. 2023). DOI: https://doi.org/10.4312/Obdobja.39.145-152

SORIANO BARABINO, Guadalupe (2020) Cultural, textual and linguistic aspects of legal translation: A model of text analysis for training legal translators. International Journal of Legal Discourse 5(2), 285–300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ijld-2020-2037

ŠARČEVIĆ, Susan (1997) New Approach to Legal Translation. Haag: Kluwer Law International BV.

ŠARČEVIĆ, Susan (2012) Challenges to the legal translator. P. M. Tiersma/L. M. Solan (ur.), The Oxford Handbook of Language and Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 187–199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199572120.013.0014

TOPORIŠIČ, Jože (1982) Nova slovenska skladnja. Ljubljana: Državna založba Slovenije.

TOPORIŠIČ, Jože (1991) Slovenska slovnica. Maribor: Založba Obzorja.

VAUPOT, Sonia (2013) Équivalence et normes en traduction juridique. (Zwischen) Sprache und Recht 53(2), 103–113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.53.2.103-113

VINAY, Jean-Paul/Jean DARBELNET (1995) Comparative Stylistics of French and English: A Methodology for Translation. J. Sager/M.-J. Hamel (prev. in ur.). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: J. Benjamins. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.11

VISKOVIĆ, Nikola (1989) Jezik prava. Zagreb: Naprijed.

WILLIAMS, Christopher (2007) Tradition and Change in Legal English: Verbal Constructions in Prescriptive Texts. Bern: Peter Lang AG.

*****

Viri iz korpusa

K_1: Sporazum med Vlado Republike Slovenije in Vlado Slovaške republike o opravljanju pridobitne dejavnosti vzdrževanih družinskih članov osebja diplomatskih predstavništev ali konzulatov, UL RS, št. 24, 22. 3. 2010. https://www.uradni-list.si/ (24. 7. 2021).

K_2: Sporazum o zračnih prevozih med Vlado Republike Slovenije in Vlado Republike Singapur (BSGZP), UL RS, št. 38, 14. 6. 2019. https://www.uradni-list.si/ (15. 7. 2021).

K_3: Protokol o privilegijih in imunitetah Mednarodne oblasti za morsko dno (MPPIMO), UL RS, št. 22, 4. 3. 2008. https://www.uradni-list.si/ (13. 7. 2021).

K_4: Sporazum med Vlado Republike Slovenije in Vlado Republike Kosovo o medsebojni pomoči pri carinskih zadevah (BXKMPCZ), UL RS, št. 17, 26. 2. 2013. https://www.uradni-list.si/ (28. 7. 2021).