Adaptiveness, selection and nutritional value of clonal populations of Allium sativum L.ssp. sativum in the forest steppe of Ukraine

Viacheslav YATSENKO; Nataliia YATSENKO; Serhii POLTORETSKYI; Ivan MOSTOVIAK; Nataliia POLTORETSKA; Oleh LAZARIEV; Vitalii LIUBYCH

doi:10.14720/aas.2025.121.1.12524

Authors

Viacheslav YATSENKO Uman National University of Horticulture https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2989-0564
Nataliia YATSENKO Uman National University of Horticulture, Instytutska, 1, 20301, Uman, Ukraine
Serhii POLTORETSKYI Uman National University of Horticulture, Instytutska, 1, 20301, Uman, Ukraine
Ivan MOSTOVIAK Uman National University of Horticulture, Instytutska, 1, 20301, Uman, Ukraine
Nataliia POLTORETSKA Uman National University of Horticulture, Instytutska, 1, 20301, Uman, Ukraine
Oleh LAZARIEV
Vitalii LIUBYCH Uman National University of Horticulture, Instytutska, 1, 20301, Uman, Ukraine

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14720/aas.2025.121.1.12524

Keywords:

bulb weight, ecological variation, genetic variation, reduced scape, stability, yield

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of emergence and impact on the yield of weakened shoots of softneck forms of garlic and comprehensive study of the parameters of adaptive variability and selection value. During 2020–2022, nine local and introduced samples of garlic were studied in the field conditions. Research has established that the formation of a reduced flower-bearing shoot reduces the mass of the bulb by 7.6–31.1 %, and the yield by 6.1–38.6 %. The results indicate that the higher the relationship between the genetic and environmental coefficient of variation, the higher the heritability value. The following samples were selected as the starting material for further selection based on the yield: according to adaptability and ecological plasticity – Nos. ‘A.s.16/16’ and ‘A.s.44/17’; in terms of stability – Nos. ‘A.s.19/16’, ‘A.s.35/16’ and ‘A.s.43/17’ and samples of the intensive type – ‘A.s.16/16’, ‘A.s.27/16’, ‘A.s.33/16’ and ‘A.s.44/17’, which will ensure high yields in optimal cultivation conditions. The obtained data will serve as the basis for the selection research scheme in the conditions of introduction in Ukraine. As a result of the research, a working collection of raw material was created for the selection of garlic.

References

Abdel-Razzak, H. S., & El-Sharkawy, G. A. (2012). Effect of biofertilizer and humic acid applications on growth, yield, quality and storability of two garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivars. Asian Journal of Crop Science, 5(1), 48–64.

Al-Otayk, S. (2008). Variation in productive characteristics and diversity assessment of garlic cultivars and lines using DNA markers. Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences, 20(1), 63–79.

Anderson, S., Cecon, P., Dias, C., Puiatti, M., Finger, F., & Carneiro, A. (2014). Morphological phenotypic dispersion of garlic cultivars by cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling. Scientia Agricola, 71(1), 38-43. doi: 10.1590/S0103-90162014000100005.

Bahadur, B., Shree, S., Verma, R., Kumar, R., & Verma, R. (2018). Polygenic Variations and Character Association Studies in Garlic. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 31(3), 1–8. doi: 10.9734/CJAST/2018/45901.

Benke, A. P., Khar, A., Mahajan, V., Gupta, A., & Singh, M. (2020). Study on dispersion of genetic variation among Indian garlic ecotypes using agro morphological traits. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding. 80(1), 94–102. doi: 10.31742/IJGPB.80.1.12

Burton, G.W., & De Vane, R.W. (1953). Estimating heritability in tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) from replicated clonal material. Agronomy Journal, 45, 478-481. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1953.00021962004500100005x

Dragavtsev, V. A., Tsilke, V. A., & Reiter, B. G. (1984). Genetics of traits of spring wheat productivity in Western Siberia. Novosibirsk: Nauka. 229 p.

Eberhart, S. A., & Russell, W. A. (1966). Stability parameters for comparing varieties. Crop Science, 6(1), 36–40.

Etoh, T., & Simon, P. W. (2002). Diversity, fertility, and seed production of garlic. In: Rabinowvitch, H.D., Currah, L. (Eds.), Allium crop science: Recent advances (pp. 101–117). Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing.

Falconer, D.S. (1989). Introduction to Quantitative Genetics, 3nd edn. Longman Inc., New York. 448 p.

Figliuolo, G., Candido, V., Miccolis, V., & Zeuli, P.S. (2001). Genetic evaluation of cultivated garlic germplasm (Allium sativum L. and A. ampeloprasum L.). Euphytica, 121(3), 325–334.

Filipchenko, Yu. A. (1923). Variability and methods of its study. Moscow: SPb, 235 p.

Ganesh, C., Hedau, N., Ram, H., Khade, Y., Kant, L., & Khar, A. (2022). Garlic: retrospect, status quo and dimensions. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 69(2), 1–16. doi: 10.1007/s10722-022-01439-x.

Gryaznov, A. A. (1996). Karabalsky barley. Kustanai: Pechatnyy dvor. 448 p.

Gvozdanović-Varga, J., Vasić, M., & Cervenski, J. (2002). Variability of characteristics of garlic (Allium sativum L.) ecotypes. Acta Horticulturae, 579, 171–175. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2002.579.26

Hirata, S., Abdelrahman, M., Yamauchi, N., & Shigyo, M. (2016). Diversity evaluation based on morphological, physiological and isozyme variation in genetic resources of garlic (Allium sativum L.) collected worldwide. Genes & Genetic Systems, 91(3), 161–173. doi: 10.1266/ggs.15-00004.

Horwitz, W., & Latimer, G. (2005). Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International (18th ed.). AOAC International, USA.

Horwitz, W., & Latimer, G. (2016). Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International (20th ed.). AOAC International, USA.

Kamenetsky R., Shafir I. L., Zemah H., Barzilay A., & Rabinowitch H. D. 2004. Environmental control of garlic growth and florogenesis. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 129(2), 144–151.

Karklelienė, R., Juskeviciene, D., Radzevičius, A., & Sasnauskas, A. (2018). Productivity and adaptability of the new carrot and garlic cultivars in Lithuania. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture. 105(2), 165-170. 10.13080/z-a.2018.105.021.

Khandagale K., Krishna R., Roylawar P., Ade A. B., Benke A., Shinde B., & Rai A. (2020). Omics approaches in Allium research: Progress and wa ahead. PeerJ, 8, e9824. DOI: 10.1266/ggs.15-00004.

Khangildin, V. V. (1984). Problems of selection for homeostasis and questions of the theory of the selection process in plants. Breeding, Seed Production and Varietal AgriculturalTtechnology in Bashkiria. 1, 102-123.

Kiraç, H., Dalda, Ş. A., & Coşkun, Ö.F. (2022). Morphological and molecular characterization of garlic (Allium sativum L.) genotypes sampled from Turkey. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 69, 1833–1841. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-022-01343-4.

Kumar, M., Sharma, V. R., Kumar, V., Sirohi, U., Chaudhary, V., Sharma, S., … Sharma, S. (2019). Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of Indian garlic (Allium sativum L.) collection using SSR markers. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 25(2), 377-386. doi: 10.1007/s12298-018-0628-y.

Mario, P.C., Viviana, B.V., & María, G.A. (2008). Low genetic diversity among garlic (Allium sativum L.) accessions detected using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 68(1), 3–12.

Pivovarov, V. F., & Dobrutskaya, E. G. (2000). Ecological bases of selection and seed production of vegetable crops. Moscow. 591 p.

Polyzos, N., Papasotiropoulos, V., Lamari, F., Petropoulos, S., & Bebeli, P. (2019). Phenotypic characterization and quality traits of Greek garlic (Allium sativum L.) germplasm cultivated at two different locations. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 66(8), 10.1007/s10722-019-00831-4.

Rossielle, A. A., & Hemblin, J. (1981). Theoretical aspects of selection for yield in stress and non- stress environvents. Crop Science, 21(6), 27–29.

Sánchez-Virosta, Á., Sadras, V., & Sánchez-Gómez, D. (2021). Phenotypic plasticity in relation to inter-cultivar variation of garlic (Allium sativum L.) functional performance and yield-stability in response to water availability. Scientia Horticulturae, 285, 110128. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110128.

Sandhu, S. S., Brar, P. S., & Dhall, R. K. (2015). Variability of agronomic and quality characteristics of garlic (Allium sativum L.) ecotypes. Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics, 47(2), 133–142.

Seung-Hyun, C., Woo-Jin, S., Yeon-Sik, B., & Kwang-Sik, L. (2021). Determination of the geographic origin of garlic using the bioelement content and isotope signatures. Food Control, 130, 108339. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108339.

Shing, M., Ceccarelli, S., & Hambling, J. (1993). Estimation of heretability from varietal trials data. Theorical and Applied Genetics, 86, 437–441.

Singh, G., Ram, C.N., Singh, A., Shrivastav, S., Maurya, P., Kumar, P., & Om, S. (2018). Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and its contributing traits in garlic (Allium sativum L.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(2), 1362-1372. doi: 10.20546/ijcmas.2018.702.165.

Singh, L., Koul, G., & Gohil, R. (2014). Analysis of morphological variability in the Indian germplasm of Allium sativum L. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 300(2), 245–254.

Sinskaya, E.N. (1963). The problem of populations in higher plants. Leningrad: Sel’khozizdat Publ., 1963, 124 p.

Stanfield, W.D. (1971). Genética. Teoría y 440 problemas resueltos. Segunda ed. Serie Schaum, México: McGraw-Hill, 405 p.

Stavělíková, H. (2008). Morphological characteristics of garlic (Allium sativum L.) genetic resources collection - Information. Horticultural Science, 35(3), 130–135.

Tesfaye, A. (2021). Genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance estimates in garlic (Allium sativum) from the Gamo Highlands of Southern Ethiopia. International Journal of Agronomy. Article ID 3171642, 8 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3171642

UPOV. (2001). Union for the protection of new varieties of plants. Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability. Garlic (Allium sativum L.), Geneva. 24 p.

Valter, C. de A. J., Guimarães, A. G., & Tiago, D. (2019). Associations between morphological and agronomic characteristics in garlic crop. Horticultura Brasileira, 37(2), 204–209. doi: 10.1590/s0102-053620190211

Vencovsky, R., & Barriga, P. (1992). Genética Biométrica no fi tomelhoramento, Ribeirao Preto: Revista Brasileira de Genética, 496 p.

Yatsenko, V. V. Adaptive variability of winter garlic and biologization of growing technology. Dnipro: Serednyak T.K. 2021. 179 p.

Zahedi, B., Kashi, A., Zamani, Z., Mosahebi, G., & Hassani, H. (2007). Evaluation of Iranian garlic (Allium sativum L.) genotype using multivariate analysis methods based on morphological characters. Biotechnology, 6(3), 353–356.

Zheng, S. J., Kamenetsky, R., Féréol, L., Barandiaran, X., Rabinowitch, H. D. Chovelon, V., & Kik, C. (2007). Garlic breeding system innovations. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology, 1(1), 6–15.

Zhivotkov, L.A., Morozova, Z.A., & Sekatueva, L.I. (1994). Methodology for identifying the potential productivity and adaptability of varieties and breeding forms of winter wheat in terms of yield. Selection and Seed Production, 2, 3–6.