Deteriorative changes in maize kernels due to Aspergillus flavus Link. and Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14720/aas.2019.114.1.8Keywords:
aflatoxin, fumonisin, maize kernel, mycotoxin, proximate components, fungal speciesAbstract
The study aimed at measuring changes in chemical composition of maize kernels due to Aspergillus flavus Link. and Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg infection. The samples of maize kernels were incubated at 28 °C for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The samples were analysed for mycotoxin, moisture, crude fat, crude protein, crude ash, and crude fibre. Maize kernels inoculated with A. flavus and F. verticillioides exhibited a significant decrease in crude fat. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination increased in maize kernels inoculated with A. flavus, and fumonisin B1 (FB1) in kernels inoculated with F. verticillioides. Crude ash and crude fibre content showed no changes. Incubation time significantly affected AFB1 and FB1 contamination levels, moisture, crude fat, and crude protein contents. AFB1 and FB1 contamination were significantly correlated with crude fat degradation. The tested strains had similar deteriorative effects on maize kernels. The significant changes in the proximate composition were only observed in maize kernels with mycotoxin contamination above the regulatory limit of 10 µg kg−1, thus not fit for human consumption.
References
Abbas, H. K., Cartwright, R. D., Xie, W., & Shier, W. T. (2006). Aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination of corn (maize, Zea mays) hybrids in Arkansas. Crop Protection, 25(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2005.02.009
AOAC. (2012). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. Gaithersburg, USA: AOAC International.
Begum, M. A. J., Venudevan, B., & Jayanthi, M. (2013). Storage fungi in groundnut and the associate seed quality deterioration-A Review. Plant Pathology Journal, 12(3), 127-134. https://doi.org/10.3923/ppj.2013.127.134
Bhattacharya, K., & Raha, S. (2002). Deteriorative changes of maize, groundnut and soybean seeds by fungi in storage. Mycopathologia, 155(3), 135-141. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020475411125
de Kok, A., Spanjer, M., Scholten, J., Rensen, P., & Kearney, G. (2007). Rapid multi-mycotoxin analysis using ACQUITY UPLC and Quattro Premier XE. Retrieved from http://www.waters.com/waters/library.htm?locale=en_ZA&lid=1512802&cid=511436.
Embaby, E., & Abdel-Galil, M. (2006). Seed borne fungi and mycotoxins associated with some legume seeds in Egypt. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 2(11), 1064-1071.
Fanelli, C., & Fabbri, A. (1989). Relationship between lipids and aflatoxin biosynthesis. Mycopathologia, 107(2-3), 115-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00707547
Garcia, D., Barros, G., Chulze, S., Ramos, A. J., Sanchis, V., & Marín, S. (2012). Impact of cycling temperatures on Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium graminearum growth and mycotoxins production in soybean. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 92(15), 2952-2959. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.5707
Hruska, Z., Rajasekaran, K., Yao, H., Kinkaid, R., Darlington, D., Brown, R. L., Bhatnagar, D., & Cleveland, T. E. (2014). Co-inoculation of aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus to study fungal invasion, colonization, and competition in maize kernels. Frontiers in Microbiology, 5(3), 122. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00122
Islam, M. (2016). Effect of biotic and abiotic factors on quality of black gram seed. Ph.D. thesis, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh.
Jain, P. (2008). Microbial degradation of grains, oil seeds, textiles, wood, corrosion of metals and bioleaching of mineral ores. Retrieved from http://nsdl.niscair.res.in/jspui/bitstream/123456789/558/1/MicrobialDegradation.pdf
Kakde, R. B., & Chavan, A. M. (2011). Deteriorative changes in oilseeds due to storage fungi and efficacy of botanicals. Current Botany, 2(1), 17-22.
Kinderlerer, J. L. (1993). Fungal strategies for detoxification of medium chain fatty acids. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 32(1-3), 213-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/0964-8305(93)90053-5
Liu, J., Sun, L., Zhang, N., Zhang, J., Guo, J., Li, C., Rajput, S. A., & Qi, D. (2016). Effects of nutrients in substrates of different grains on aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus flavus. BioMed Research International, 2016(2016), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7232858
Ma, H., Zhang, N., Sun, L. & Qi, D. (2015). Effects of different substrates and oils on aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus parasiticus. European Food Research and Technology, 240(3), 627-634. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-014-2364-z
Magan, N., David, A., & Sanchis, V. (2004). The role of spoilage fungi in seed deterioration. In D. Aurora (Eds.), Fungal Biotechnology in Agricultural, Food and Environmental Application (pp. 311-333) New York, NY: Marcel Dekker. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203913369.ch28
Mellon, J. E., Cotty, P.J., & Dowd, M. K. (2007). Aspergillus flavus hydrolases: their roles in pathogenesis and substrate utilization. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 77(3), 497-504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-007-1201-8
Mellon, J. E., Dowd, M. K., & Cotty, P. J. (2002). Time course study of substrate utilization by Aspergillus flavus in medium simulating corn (Zea mays) kernels. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(3), 648-652. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011048e
Mellon, J. E., Dowd, M. K., & Cotty, P. J. (2005). Substrate utilization by Aspergillus flavus in inoculated whole corn kernels and isolated tissues. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(6), 2351-2357. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf040276g
Oyekale, K., Daniel, I., Ajala, M., & Sanni, L. (2012). Potential longevity of maize seeds under storage in humid tropical seed stores. Nature and Science, 10(8), 114-124.
Perrone, G., Haidukowski, M., Stea, G., Epifani, F., Bandyopadhyay, R., Leslie, J. F., & Logrieco, A. (2014). Population structure and Aflatoxin production by Aspergillus Sect. Flavi from maize in Nigeria and Ghana. Food Microbiology, 41(1), 52-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2013.12.005
Pratiwi, C., Rahayu, W. P., Lioe, H. N., Herawati, D., Broto, W., & Ambarwati, S. (2015). The effect of temperature and relative humidity for Aspergillus flavus BIO 2237 growth and aflatoxin production on soybeans. International Food Research Journal, 22(1), 82.
Probst, C., Bandyopadhyay, R., & Cotty, P. (2014). Diversity of aflatoxin-producing fungi and their impact on food safety in sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 174(1), 113-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.12.010
Reed, C., Doyungan, S., Ioerger, B., & Getchell, A. (2007). Response of storage molds to different initial moisture contents of maize (corn) stored at 25 C, and effect on respiration rate and nutrient composition. Journal of Stored Products Research, 43(4), 443-458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2006.12.006
Rheeder, J., Shephard, G., Vismer, H., & Gelderblom, W. (2009). Guidelines on mycotoxin control in South African foodstuffs: from the application of the hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) system to new national mycotoxin regulations (Medical Research Council Policy Brief). Retrieved from http://www.mrc.ac/policybriefs/mycotoxinguidelines.
Wilson, R. A., Calvo, A. M., Chang, P. K., & Keller, N. P. (2004). Characterization of the Aspergillus parasiticus Δ12-desaturase gene: a role for lipid metabolism in the Aspergillus-seed interaction. Microbiology, 150(9), 2881-2888. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27207-0
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Francis Collins Muga, Tilahun Seyoum Workneh, Moses Okoth Marenya
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.