Effect of intermittent irrigation with saline water on rice yield in Rasht, Iran

Abstract

Guilan, a well-known province in rice production in Iran, has been facing water shortage and water degradation. In order to study the effects of salinity stress as well as water stress on rice a pot experiment was conducted at Rice Research Institute of Iran. Five water salinity levels: fresh water (EC = 1 dS m^-1), 2, 4, 6 and 8 dS m^-1 and five irrigation regimes: continues flooding, Alternative Wetting and Drying (AWD), intermittent irrigation at 100, 90 and 80 percent of field capacity (FC) were considered as irrigation treatments. The results showed severe effects of water and salinity stresses on rice yield and yield components. Fresh water produced the highest yield, 18.57 gr pot^-1, whereas, the yield in salinity levels of 2, 4, 6 and 8 dS m^-1 were 13.78, 5.78, 3.61 and 0.74 gr pot^-1, respectively, with the yield losses of 25, 70, 80 and 97%, respectively. Intermittent irrigation at FC produced the highest yield. The yield increased 8 and 13% in AWD and intermittent irrigation at FC treatments respectively, while it decreased 8 and 27% in intermittent irrigation at 80 and 90% of FC treatments as compared with continues flooding treatment. The highest yield with application of intermittent irrigation at FC was valid only in water salinity less than 4 dS m^-1. When water salinity was higher than 4 dS m^-1 all irrigation methods gave the same yield. This study showed that the best method to use saline water was intermittent irrigation at FC with EC = 2 dS m^-1. In case of more salinity, mixing fresh and saline water and intermittent irrigation can mitigate the severe effects of salinity on rice.