Dagger nematode Xiphinema index Thorne and Allen, 1950, asvirus vector of grapevine fanleaf virus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14720/aas.2024.120.3.19008Keywords:
rastlinsko-parazitske ogorčice; , Xiphinema index, nepovirusi, Vitis vinifera, GFLV, biotično zatiranjeAbstract
Viruses on plants cause significant economic damage, as treating infected seedlings during later stages of growth is practically impossible. Among the hidden vectors of viruses are also nematodes. One such soil-borne nematode is Xiphinema index. It is the main vector of grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV). Grapevines (Vitis spp.) are the main host of this plant-parasitic nematode. It penetrates and feeds on young roots with its characteristic long tubular stylet. Infected vines with GFLV from the genus Nepovirus lead to the gradual degeneration of the vine and, economic uncompetitiveness of the vineyard. The control of GFLV infections in vineyards is largely limited to the control of the vector nematodes. However, control of X. index nematode is extremely difficult, mainly due to its relatively long life span and spatial distribution in the soil. Crop rotation on land where this nematode is present and set aside have proven to be the most effective measures, but these approaches are economically unattractive as they require the land to be left free of vines for several years before replanting a new vineyard. In the future, attention should be given to the development of new, more environmentally friendly and more effective approaches to control virulent X. index nematodes.
References
Abad P., Gouzy J., Aury J. M., Castagnone-Sereno P., Deleury E., in sod. (2008). Genome sequence of the metazoan plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Nature Biotechnology, 26, 909–15. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.1482
Aballay E., Insunza B. (2002). Evaluation of plants with nematicidal properties in the control of Xiphinema index on table grapes ‘Thompson Seedless’ in the central zone of Chile. Agricultura Técnica, 62(3), 357–365.
Aballay E., Sepúlveda R., Insunza V. (2004). Evaluation of five nematode-antagonistic plants used as green manure to control Xiphinema index Thorne et Allen on Vitis vinifera L. Nematropica, 34, 45–51.
Aballay E., Persson P., Mårtensson A. (2009). Plant-parasitic nematodes in Chilean vineyards. Nematropica, 39, 85–97.
Aballay E., Mårtensson A., Persson P. (2011). Screening of rhizobacteria from grapevine for their suppressive effect on Xiphinema index Thorne & Allen on in vitro grape plants. Plant Soil, 347, 313–325.
Aballay E., Prodan S., Mårtensson A., Persson P. (2012). Assessment of rhizobacteria from grapevine for their suppressive effect on the parasitic nematode Xiphinema index. Crop Protection, 42, 36–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2012.08.013
Aballay E., Prodan S., Correa P., Allende J. (2020). Assessment of rhizobacterial consortia to manage plant parasitic nematodes of grapevine. Crop Protection, 131, 105103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105103
Abawi G. S., Widmer T. L. (2000). Impact of soil health management practices on soilborne pathogens, nematodes, and root diseases of vegetable crops. Applied Soil Ecology, 15, 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-1393(00)00070-6
Abd-Elgawad M. M. M., Askary T. H. (2015). Impact of phytonematodes on agriculture economy. In: Askary, T. H., Martinelli P. R. P. (ur.). Biocontorl Agents of Phytonematodes. CABI, Wallingford, UK, str. 3–49. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780643755.0003
Andret-Link P., Laporte C., Valat L., Ritzenthaler C., Demangeat G., Vigne E., Laval V., Pfeiffer P., Stussi-Garaud C., Fuchs M. (2004). Grapevine fanleaf virus: Still a major threat to the grapevine industry. Journal of Plant Pathology, 86(3), 183–195.
Anwar S. A., Van Gundy S. D. (1989). Influence of four nematodes on root and shoot growth parameters in grape. Journal of Nematology, 21(2), 276–283.
Auger J., Aballay E. E., Pinto C. M., Pastenes V. C. (1992). Effect of grape fanleaf virus (GFV) on growth and productivity of grapevine plants cv. Thompson Seedless. Fitopatologia, 27(2), 85–89.
Baginsky C., Contreras A., Covarrubias I. J., Seguel O., Aballay E. (2013). Control of plant-parasitic nematodes using cover crops in table grape cultivation in Chile. Ciencia e Investigación Agraria, 40(3), 547–557. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-16202013000300008
Bashir N. S., Nourinejhad-Zarghani S., Hajizadeh M. (2015). Status of infection with grapevine fanleaf virus in vineyards of Iran and molecular characteristics of the isolates. RRBS, 10(7), 267–277.
Bello A. (1998). Biofumigation and integrated pest management. In: A. Bello, J.A. González, M. Arias, and R. Rodríguez-Kábana (eds.). Alternatives to Methyl Bromide for the Southern European Countries. PhytomaEspaña, DG XI EU, CSIC, Valencia, Spain. str. 99–126.
Bertazzon N., Spada A., Panzeri M., Belfiore N., Forte V., Dalla Cia L., Gaiotti F., Angelini E. (2023). Field trials for improving grape production in vineyards heavily infected by fanleaf. V: Proceedings of the 20th Congress of ICVG, Thessaloniki, Greece. 25-29 September, 2023. 178–179.
Birch A. N. E., Robertson W., Fellows L. (1993). Plants products to control plant parasitic nematodes. Pesticide Science, 39, 141–145. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.2780390207
Bitterlin M. V., Gonsalves D. (1986). Persistence of tomato ringspot virus and its vector in cold stored soil. Acta Horticulturae, 193, 199–124. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1986.193.19
Boosalis M. G., Mankau R. (1965). Parasitism and predation of soil microorganisms. In: Baker KF, Snyder WC, eds. Ecology of Soil-Borne Plant Pathogens. Berkeley, California, USA: University of California Press, 374–391.
Boubals D., Pistre R., Dalmasso A., Bongiovani M. (1971). Aspects of the attack of vine roots by the nematode Xiphinema index, vector of court-noue disease of the vine. Progres Agricole et Viticole, 171(9), str. 4.
Bovey R., Gartel W., Hewitt W. B., Martelli G. P., Vuittenez A. (1980). Virus and virus-like disease of grapevines. Colour atlas of symptoms. Lausanne, Editions Payot: 181 str.
Brown D. J. F., Robertson W. M., Trudgill D. L. (1995). Transmission of viruses by plant nematodes. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 33, 223–249. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.33.090195.001255
Burrows P. R., Barker A. D. P., Newell C. A., Hamilton W. D. O. (1998). Plant derived enzyme inhibitors and lectins for resistance against plant–parasitic nematodes in transgenic crops. Pesticide Science, 52, 176–183. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9063(199802)52:2%3C176::AID-PS680%3E3.0.CO;2-T
CABI. (2022). CABI Compendium. CABI International. V: Xiphinema index (fan-leaf virus nematode). Dostopno na: https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.57032. (februar, 2023).
Castaneda-Alvarez C., Prodan S., Rosales I. M., Aballay E. (2016). Exoenzymes and metabolites related to the nematicidal effect of rhizobacteria on Xiphinema index Thorne & Allen. Applied Microbiology Journal, 120(2), 413–424. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.12987
Cohn E., Tanne E., Nitzany F. E. (1970). Xiphinema italiae, a new vector of grapevine fanleaf virus. Phytopathology, 60, 181–182. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-60-181
Dalmasso A., Younes T. (1969). Ovogénése et embryogénése chez Xiphinema index (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). Annales de Zoologie Ecologie Animale, 1, 265–272.
Daragó Á., Szabó M., Hrács K. (2013). In vitroinvestigations on the biological control of Xiphinema index with Trichoderma species. Helminthologia, 50, 132–137. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11687-013-0121-7
Decraemer W., Hunt D. (2006). Structure and clasiffication. V: Perry R.N., Moens M., ur. Plant Nematology. Wallingford, UK: CABI; str. 3–32. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845930561.0003
Demangeat G., Komara V., Cornueta P., Esmenjaudb D., Fuchsa M. (2004). Sensitive and reliable detection of grapevine fanleaf virus in a single Xiphinema index nematode vector. Journal of Virological Methods, 122, 79–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.08.006
EPPO (2022). EPPO Global database. In: EPPO Global database, Paris, France: EPPO. 1 pp. Dostopno na: https://gd.eppo.int/. (januar, 2024).
Fauquet C. M., Mayo M. A., Maniloff J., Desselberger U., Ball L. A. (2005). Virus taxonomy. Clasification and nomenclature of viruses. Eight report of the International Comittee on the Taxonomy of Viruses. Amsterdam, Elsevier, Academic Press: 1259 str.
Ferris H., McKenry M. V. (1974). Seasonal fluctuations in the spatial distribution of nematode populations in the spatial distribution in a California vineyard. Journal of Nematology, 6, 203–210.
Fuchs M. (2020). Grapevine viruses: a multitude of diverse species with simple but overall poorly adopted management solutions in the vineyard. Journal of Plant Pathology, 102, 643–653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-020-00579-2
Fuchs M. (2023). K1. Grapevine virology highlights: 2018-2023. V: Proceedings of the 20th Congress of ICVG, Thessaloniki, Greece. 25-29 September, 2023. 18–26.
Galper S., Cohn E., Spiegel Y., Chet I. (1991). A collagenolytic fungus, Cunninghamella elegans, for biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes. Journal of Nematology, 23(3), 269–274.
Garau R., Prota U. (1977). Morphometric identification of the juvenile stages of Xiphinema index Thorne et Allen. Nematologia Mediterranea, 5, 349–353.
Gilardi G., Chitarra W., Moine A., Mezzalama M., Boccacci P., Pugliese M., Gullino M. L., Gambino G. (2020). Biological and molecular interplay between two viruses and powdery and downy mildews in two grapevine cultivars. Horticulture Research, 7, 188. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00413-x
Halbrendt J. M. (1996). Allelopathy in the management of plantparasitic nematodes. Journal of Nematology, 28, 8–14.
Hao Z., Fayolle L., Van Tuinen D., Chatagnier O., Li X., Gianinazzi S., Gianinazzi-Pearson V. (2012). Local and systemic mycorrhiza-induced protection against the ectoparasitic nematode Xiphinema index involves priming of defence gene responses in grapevine. Journal of Experimental Botany, 63, 3657–3672. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ers046
Hao Z., Van Tuinen D., Wipf D., Fayolle L., Chataignier O., Li X., Chen B., Gianinazzi S., Gianinazzi-Pearson V., Adrian M. (2017). Biocontrol of grapevine aerial and root pathogens by Paenibacillus sp. strain B2 and paenimyxin in vitro and in planta. Biological Control, 109, 42–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2017.03.004
Hao Z., Fayolle L., Van Tuinen D., Fayolle L., Chatagnier O., Li X., Chen B., Gianinazzi S., Gianinazzi-Pearson V. (2018). Arbuscular mycorrhiza affects grapevine fanleaf virus transmission by the nematode vector Xiphinema index. Applied Soil Ecology, 129, 107–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2018.05.007
Hewitt W. B., Raski D. J., Goheen A. C. (1958). Nematode vector of soil-borne virus of grapevines. Phytophatology, 48, 586–595.
Hržič A. (1978). Prispevek k poznavanju nematofazne vinogradniške zemlje v Sloveniji (Xiphinema spp.). Zaštita bilja, 146, 387–396.
Hunt D. J. (1993). Aphelenchida, Longidoridae and Trichodoridae: Their Systematics and Bionomics. Wallingford, CAB International: 352 str.
Insunza V., Aballay E., Macaya J. (2001). Nematicidal activity of aqueous plant extracts on Xiphinema index. Nematologia Mediterranea, 29, 35–40.
Jackson S. R. (2020). Wine Science; Principles and Applications (Fifth Edition). Chapter 4 – Vineyard practice. Food Science and Technology, 151–330; 1014 str.
Jones J. T., Haegeman J., Danchin E. G. J., Gaur S. H., Helder J., Jones M. G. K., Kikuchi T., Manzanilla-López R., Palomares-Rius J. E., Wesemael W. M. L., Perry R. N. (2013). Top 10 plant-parasitic nematodes in molecular plant pathology. Molecular Plant Pathology, 14(9), 946–961. https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12057
Kirkpatrick J. D., Van Gundy S. D., Martin J. P. (1965). Effects of Xiphinema index on growth and abscission in Carignane grape, Vitis vinifera. Nematologica, 11, 41 str.
Lamberti F., Molinari S., Moens M., Brown D. J. F. (2000). The Xiphinema americanum group. I. Putative species, their geographical occurrence and distribution, and regional polytomous identification keys for the group. Russian Journal of Nematology, 8, 65–84.
Lamberti F., Hockland S., Agostinelli A., Moens M., Brown D. J. F. (2004). The Xiphinema americanum group. III. Keys to species identification. Nematologia Mediterranea, 32, 53–56.
Mannini F., Mollo A., Credi R. (2012). Field performance and wine quality modification in a clone of Vitis vinifera cv. Dolcetto after GLRaV-3 elimination. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 63, 144–147.
Marković Z., Preiner D., Stupić D., Andabaka Ž., Šimon S., Vončina D., Maletić E., Kontić K. J., Chatelet P., Engelmann F. (2015). Cryopreservation and cryotherapy of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Vitis, 54, 247–251. https://doi.org/10.5073/vitis.2015.54.special-issue.247-251
Martelli G. P. (1978). Nematode-borne viruses of grapevine, their epidemiology and control. Nematologia Mediterranea, 6, 1–27.
Martelli G. P., Savino V. (1990). Fanleaf degeneration. V: Compendium of grape diseases. Pearson R. C., Goheen A. (ur.). Saint Paul, American Phytopathological Society Press: 48–49.
Martelli G. P., Boudon-Padieu E. (2006). Directory of infectious diseases of grapevines. International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies. Options Méditerranéennes Ser. B, Studies and Research, 55, 59–75.
Martelli G. P., Uyemoto J. K. (2008). Plant Virus Diseases: Fruit Trees and Grapevine. 201-207.
Martelli G. P. (2017). An Overview on Grapevine Viruses, Viroids, and the Diseases They Cause. In Grapevine Viruses: Molecular Biology, Diagnostics and Management; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2017; pp. 31–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57706-7_2
Mavrič Pleško, I., Viršček Marn, M., Zajc, J., Lamovšek, J., Razinger, J., Urek, G., Širca, S., Gerič Stare, B., Susič, N., Theuerschuh, M., Urbančič Zemljič, M., Knapič, M., Modic, Š., Snoj, D., Žigon, P., Marolt, N., Vončina, A. (2022). Končno poročilo strokovnih nalog s področja zdravstvenega varstva rastlin za leto 2022. Ljubljana: Kmetijski inštitut Slovenije, 2023. 144 str.
McKenry M. V., Buzo T. (1996). A Novel Approach to Provide Partial Relief from the Walnut Replant Problem. Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions. Methyl Bromide Alternatives Outreach, Fresno, CA, str. 29.
Meza P., Aballay E., Hinrichsen P. (2012). Morphological and molecular characterisation of Xiphinema index Thorne and Allen, 1950 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) isolates from Chile. Nematropica, 42(1), 41–47.
Miljanić V., Jakše J., Kunej U., Rusjan D., Škvarč A., Štajner N. (2022). Virome status of preclonal candidates of grapevine varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) from the Slovenian wine-growing region Primorska as determined by high-throughtput sequencing. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 830866. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.830866
Nicholas P., Magarey P., Wachtel M. (2007). Grape Production Series Nr. 1: Diseases and Pests. Winetitles, Adelaide, Australia., 106 str.
Nicol J. M., Turner S. J., Coyne D. L., den Nijs L., Hockland S., Maafi Z. T. (2011). Current nematode threats to world agriculture. In: Genomics and Molecular Genetics of Plant–Nematode Interactions (Jones, J.T., Gheysen, G. and Fenoll, C., ur.), Heidelberg: Springer, str. 21–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0434-3_2
Ozturk I., Avci G. G., Behmand T., Sivri N., Elekcioglu I. H. (2018). Seasonal fluctuations, population dynamics, vertical and horizontal distributions of Xiphinema index and Xiphinema pachtaicum in vineyards infected by grapevine fanleaf virus in Tekirdag, Turkey. Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences, 70th International Symposium on crop protection, Ghent University, Belgium. Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, 83(2), 1–202.
Pearson R. C., Goheen A. C. (1998). Compendium of grape diseases. 4th ed. St. Paul, The American Phytopathological Society Press: 93 str.
Pensec F., Marmonier A., Marchal A., Gersch S., Nassr N., Chong, J. (2013). Gypsophila paniculata root saponins as an environmentally safe treatment against two nematodes, natural vectors of grapevine fanleaf degeneration. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 19, 439–445. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajgw.12031
Pompe-Novak M., Korošec-Koruza Z., Tomažič I., Klarič M., Vojvoda J., Blas M., Ravnikar M., Fichs M., Petrovič N. (2005). Biotična raznovrstnost virusa pahljačavosti listov vinske trte (GFLV). Zbornik predavanj in referatov 7. slovenskega posvetovanja o varstvu rastlin Zreče, 8. – 10. Marec 2005: 239–243.
Pozo M. J., Azcon-Aguilar C. (2007). Unraveling mycorrhiza-induced resistance. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 10, 393–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2007.05.004
Sasser J. N., Freckman D. W. (1987). A world perspective on nematology: the role of the society. p. 7-14. In: Veech J. A., Dickson D.W. (ur.). Vistas on Nematology. Society of Nematologists, Hyattsville, Maryland.
Schouteden N., De Waele D., Panis B., Vos C. M. (2015). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for the biocontrol of plant-parasitic nematodes: a review of the mechanisms involved. Frontiers in Microbiology, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01280
Siddiqi M. R. (1974). Xiphinema index. Cifi Descriptions of Plant Parasitic Nematodes. Set 3, No. 45.
Smiley R. (2005). Plant-parasitic nematodes affecting wheat yield in the Pacific Northwest. Oregon State University, extension publication. EM 8887. 4 pp.
Sturhan D. (1985). Studies on distribution and hosts of Bacillus penetrans parasitic in nematodes. Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Berlin-Dahlem, 226, 75–93.
Širca S. (2007). Razširjenost ogorčice Xiphinema rivesi v Vipavski dolini in njena vloga pri prenašanju nepovirusov. Dokt. Disertacija. Ljubljana, Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta: 126 str.
Širca S., Theuerschuh M. (2020). Virusonosne ogorčice Xiphinema index; Integrirano varstvo rastlin. Dostopno na: https://www.ivr.si/skodljivec/virusonosne-ogorcice-xiphinema-index/ (februar, 2024).
Širca S., Urek G. (2016). Ogorčice in prenosi virusov z ogorčicami. V: Mavrič Pleško, I. (ur.). Prenosi rastlinskih virusov 1. Ljubljana: Kmetijski inštitut Slovenije. 2016, str. 61–75.
Šutić D. D., Ford R. E., Tošić M. T. (1999). Handbook of plant virus diseases. Boca Raton, CRC Press: 553 str.
Taylor C. E., Raski D. J. (1964). On the transmission of grapevine fanleaf by Xiphinema index. Nematologica, 10, 489–495.
Taylor C. E., Robertson W. M. (1970). Sites of virus retention in the alimentary tract of the nematode vectors, Xiphinema diversicaudatum (Micol.) and X. index (Thorne and Allen). Annals of Applied Biology, 66, 375–380. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1970.tb04616.x.
Taylor C. E., Brown D. J. F. (1997). Nematode vectors of plant viruses. Wallingford, CAB International: 286 str. https://doi.org/10.1163/005325998X00117
Tsay T. T., Wu S.T., Lin Y.Y. (2004). Evaluation of Asteraceae plants for control of Meloidogyne incognita. Journal of Nematology, 36, 36–41.
Urek G., Hržič A. (1998). Ogorčice - nevidni zajedavci rastlin: fitonematologija. Ljubljana, G. Urek (ur.). Ljubljana, samozaložba: 240 str.
Urek, G., Širca, S. (2005). Longidoridne ogorčice v vinogradnih tleh Slovenije. Zbornik predavanj in referatov 7. Slovenskega posvetovanja o varstvu rastlin, Zreče, 8. – 10. marec 2005, 356–359. Dostopno na: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://dvrs.si/wp-content/uploads/73urek_05.pdf (januar, 2024).
Van Zyl S., Vivier A. M., Walker A. M. (2011). Xiphinema index and its relationship to grapevines: A review. South African Journal for Enology and Viticulture, 33(1), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.21548/33-1-1302
Villate L., Esmenjaud D., Helden M.V., Stoeckel S., Plantard O. (2010). Genetic signature of amphimixis allows for the detection and fine scale localization of sexual reproduction events in a mainly parthenogenetic nematode. Molecular Ecology, 19, 856–873. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04511.x
Villate L., Morin E., Demangeat G., Van Helden M., Esmenjaud D. (2012). Control of Xiphinema index populations by fallow plants under greenhouse and field conditions. Phytopathology, 102(6), 627–634. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-01-12-0007
Voss B., Yyss U. (1990). Variation between strains of the nematophagous endoparasitic fungus Catenaria anguillulae Sorokin 1. Factors affecting parasitism in vitro. Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, 97(4), 416–430.
Vuittenez A., Legin R., Kuszala J. (1969). Les viroses de la vigne. Journées françaises d’études et d’information, Paris, 5–7 fěvrier 1969. 557–578.
Wang S. H., Gergerich R. C., Wickizer S. L., Kim K. S. (2002). Localization of transmissible and nontransmissible viruses in the vector nematode Xiphinema americanum. Phytopathology, 92, 646–653. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.6.646
Wernet V., Fischer R. (2023). Establishment of Arthrobotrys flagrans as biocontrol agent against the root pathogenic nematode Xiphinema index. Environmental Microbiology, 25(2), 283–293. https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.16282
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Julija Polanšek, Stanislav Trdan, Saša Širca
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Funding data
-
Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS
Grant numbers P4-0072