The advantages of flow cytometry in comparison to fluorometric measurement in algal toxicity test
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14720/abs.55.2.15527Keywords:
algae, cyanobacteria, ecotoxicity test, fluorescence, flow cytometryAbstract
Fluorometric measurements in algal toxicity tests are very commonly used as surrogate parameters for algal biomass. Although, fluorometry is a powerful technique, we have demonstrated that it is not suitable for determination of toxic effects of chemicals, which alter the fluorescence spectra. We recommend the flow cytometry as the best technique for detecting algal and/or cyanobacterial cell count and fluorescence per cell. Flow cytometry has many advantages: little volume of algal/cyanobacterial sample required, suitable also for little algal/cyanobacterial cells, distinction between live and dead cells. Furthermore, flow cytometry reveals the early changes in fluorescence spectra as a consequence of the specific chemicals presence or stress, even though the cell count is not yet affected (an early marker for ecotoxicology testing).References
Berden-Zrimec, M., Drinovec, L., Zrimec, A., Tišler, T., 2007. Delayed fluorescence in algal growth inhibition tests. Central European Journal of Biology, 2 (2), 169–181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11535-007-0014-1
Franklin, N.M., Stauber, J.L., Lim, R.P., 2004. Development of multispecies algal bioassays using flow cytometry. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 23, 1452–1462. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1897/03-250
Hambrook-Berkman, J.A., Canova, M.G., 2007. Chapter 7 Algal biomass indicators, version 1.0 (8/2007) U.S. Geological Survey TWRI Book 9, pp 1–86.
Hashemi, N., Erickson, J.S., Golden, J.P., Jackson, K.M., Ligler F.S., 2011. Microflow cytometer for optical analysis of phytoplankton. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 26, 4263– 4269. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2011.03.042
ISO 8692 Water quality – Fresh water algal growth inhibition test with unicellular green algae, ISO 2012 Lee, T., Tsuzuki, M., Takeuchi, T., Yokoyama, K., Karube, I., 1994. In vivo fluorimetric method for early detection of cyanobacterial waterblooms. Journal of Applied Phycology, 6, 489–495. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02182403
Mayer, P., Cuhel, R., Nyholm, N., 1997. A simple in vitro fluorescence method for biomass measure- ments in algal growth inhibition tests. Water Research, 31 (10), 2525–2531. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00084-5
Nguyen-Ngoc, H., Durrieu, C., Tran-Minh, C., 2009. Synchronous scan fluorescence of algal cells for toxicity assessment of heavy metals and herbicides. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 72 (2), 316–320. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.04.016
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2: Effects on Biotic Systems Test No. 201: Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test OECD. Published by OECD Publish- ing, 2011.
Regel, R.H., Ferris, J.M., Ganf, G.G., Brookes, J.D., 2002. Algal esterase activity as a biomeasure of environmental degradation in a freshwater creek. Aquatic Toxicology, 59, 209–223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00254-5
Shieh, J.N., Chao, M.R., Chen, C.Y., 2001. Statistical comparisons of the no-observed-effect con- centration and the effective concentration at 10% inhibition (EC10) in algal toxicity tests. Water Science and Technology, 43 (2), 141–146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0083
Slovacey, R.E., Hanna, P.J., 1997. In vivo fluorescence determinations of phytoplancton chlorophyll. Limnology and Oceanography, 22 (5), 919–925. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1977.22.5.0919
Stauber, J.L., Franklin, N.M., Adams M.S., 2002. Applications of flow cytometry to ecotoxicity testing using microalgae. Trends in Biotechnology, 20 (4), 141–143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7799(01)01924-2
Warne, M.S.J., Rick, V.D., 2008. NOEC and LOEC data should no longer be generated or used. Australasian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 14, 1–5.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
