The Impact of Diet on Oral Microbiome and Periodontal Health

Abstract

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the supporting tissues of the teeth and can lead to tooth loss if not properly treated. The main cause of periodontal disease is an imbalance in the oral microbiome, the complex community of microorganisms inhabiting the oral cavity. Disruption of this balance can lead to the overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria that trigger an inflammatory response in the gums. Diet also has a significant impact on the composition and diversity of the oral microbiome, and thus can greatly influence gum health and overall oral health. Including anti-inflammatory nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, vitamin D, polyphenols in the diet and reducing sugar intake can help manage and prevent periodontal disease. The therapeutic use of probiotics, such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, represents a new concept in dentistry. Research shows that regular use of probiotic supplements or probiotic-rich foods, such as yogurts and fermented foods, supports the maintenance of a balanced oral microbiome. Probiotics in periodontal disease work by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, reducing inflammatory responses in the oral cavity, and stimulating the immune system for better defense against infections. Additionally, they promote the proliferation of fibroblasts, thereby supporting tissue healing. Diet control, intake of vitamin supplements, and probiotics, combined with good oral hygiene and regular dental visits, can significantly improve gum health and prevent the progression of periodontal disease.