Morphology and Syntax in Holes and Scratches: The Latest Stage of Kugyol Research
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4312/ala.1.1.53-70Keywords:
interpretation of Buddhist texts, Korean, classic Chinese, eumdok kugyol, seokdok kugyol, jeomto kugyol, jeomtoAbstract
The first part of this article reviews the differences between the Chinese, Korean and Japanese languages, and explains the importance of Buddhist texts in the history of these languages, especially in the development of written languages in Korea and Japan. The kugyol tradition (a convention for adding Korean grammatical markers at appropriate places to aid the reading of originally Chinese texts) is then explained with concrete examples in three parts: eumdok kugyol (transliteration kugyol), seokdok kugyol (translation kugyol), and jeomto seokdok-kugyol (traslation kugyol with point marks). The latest developments in kugyol research were seen in the 21st century, after the discovery of Yugasijiron in the year 2000, including the detailed point maps. Some questions concerning the jeomto seokdok-kugyol are still open.
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References
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Chang, K.(2003). On the ‘indicator line’ used in the Yuqie shidi lun(瑜伽師地論)’s point-attached seokdokkugyol, Kugyol Studies, 11, 189-209.
Chung, J. (1999). Sǒkdokkugyǒl in the Koryǒ Period, Seoul Journal of Korean Studies, 12, Institute of korean studies, Seoul national university.
Chung, J. (2001). On Jinbon Hyayangjing(晉本 華嚴經) vol. 20
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Chung, J. et al. (2003). Hanguk Gakpil Buhokugyol Jaryo-wa Ilbon Hunjeom Jaryo Yeongu -Hwaeomgyeong Jaryoreul Jungsimeuro- (A Study on Korean Gakpil Buhokugyol Texts and Japanese Kunten Texts – focused on Hwaeomgyeong Texts-. Seoul, Korea: Taehaksa.
Kim, Y. (2001). Decoding methods on the Dots and Lines in Yuga-sagi-lon, Kugyol Studies, 7, 57-77.
Kim Y. (2003). A linguistic study of Hwa.eom.mun.eui.yo.gyeol, Kugyol Studies 10, 47-78.
Kim, Y. (2004). A Korean linguisitic study of Pan-bi-lyang-lon, Kugyol Studies, 12, 81-97.
Ko, J. (2004). A review of the study on Kugyol, Kugyol Studies, 12, 5-44.
Ko, Y. (1998). Seokdok Kugyol-ui Gugeosajeok Gachi (On The Value of Seokdok Kugyol in the History of Korean Language), Kugyol Studies, 3, 1-28.
Kobayashi, Y. (2002). Hanguk-ui Gakpiljeomto-wa Ilbon-ui Kohunjeom-ui Gwangye (A Study on Gakpiljeomto in Korea and The Old Kunten in Japan), Kugyol Studies, 8, 21-76.
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Lee S. (2003). On Korean Versions of Surangama-sutra (首楞嚴經), Kugyol Studies, 11, 153-188.
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Lee, Y. (2003). On Function of Negative Markers in Seokdok-Kugyol (釋讀口訣) Texts of Koryo dynasty period, Kugyol Studies, 11, 153-188.
Lee, Y. (2004). The Present Condition of Studies on Cipher Kugyol, Hanguk munhwa, 33, Seoul National University Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies.
Lee, Y. (2010). Grammatical Negation in Jeomto Seokdok Kugyol Texts of the Koryo period, Kugyol Studies, 24, 97-131.
Nam, P. (2000). Koryosidae-ui Jeomto kugyeol-e daehayeo (A Study on Jeomto kugyol in Koryo period ), Seojihakbo, 24, Hangukseojihakhoe, 5-45.
Nam, P. (2002a). Sillasidae Kugyol-ui Jaegu-reul Wihayeo (A Study for Reconstruction of Kugyol in Silla period), Kugyol Studies, 8, 77-93.
Nam, P. (2002b). Koryosidae Gakpiljeomto Seokdok kugyeol-ui Jongnyu-wa geu Haedok-Jinbonhwaeomgyeong Kwon 20-ui Jeomto seokdok Kugyol-eul Jungsimeuro (Several Kinds of Gakpiljeomto Seokdok Kugyeol Texts and Their Decipherment on Jinbonhwaeomgyeong vol 20), Joseonhakbo, 183, Joseonhakhoe, 1-22.
Park, J. (2003). Interpretation of Mark Gugyeols Written in Zhouben『Huayan jing』 volume 36 - With Special Interest in Correspondence with Character Gugyeols, Kugyol Studies, 11, 211-248.
Park, J. (2004). Duplication of Cipher Kugyols on the Same Position and Various Marks in Zhouben (周本) 《Huayanjing (華嚴經)》 volume 6, Kugyol Studies, 13, 129-148.
Park, J. (2006). Interpretation of Cipher Kugyols Written in Jinben 《Huayanjing》 volume 20, Kugyol Studies, 16, 173-209.
Chang, K.(2003). On the ‘indicator line’ used in the Yuqie shidi lun(瑜伽師地論)’s point-attached seokdokkugyol, Kugyol Studies, 11, 189-209.
Chung, J. (1999). Sǒkdokkugyǒl in the Koryǒ Period, Seoul Journal of Korean Studies, 12, Institute of korean studies, Seoul national university.
Chung, J. (2001). On Jinbon Hyayangjing(晉本 華嚴經) vol. 20
at Sung-am Archives of Classical Literature, Kugyol Studies, 7, 33-56.
Chung, J. et al. (2003). Hanguk Gakpil Buhokugyol Jaryo-wa Ilbon Hunjeom Jaryo Yeongu -Hwaeomgyeong Jaryoreul Jungsimeuro- (A Study on Korean Gakpil Buhokugyol Texts and Japanese Kunten Texts – focused on Hwaeomgyeong Texts-. Seoul, Korea: Taehaksa.
Kim, Y. (2001). Decoding methods on the Dots and Lines in Yuga-sagi-lon, Kugyol Studies, 7, 57-77.
Kim Y. (2003). A linguistic study of Hwa.eom.mun.eui.yo.gyeol, Kugyol Studies 10, 47-78.
Kim, Y. (2004). A Korean linguisitic study of Pan-bi-lyang-lon, Kugyol Studies, 12, 81-97.
Ko, J. (2004). A review of the study on Kugyol, Kugyol Studies, 12, 5-44.
Ko, Y. (1998). Seokdok Kugyol-ui Gugeosajeok Gachi (On The Value of Seokdok Kugyol in the History of Korean Language), Kugyol Studies, 3, 1-28.
Kobayashi, Y. (2002). Hanguk-ui Gakpiljeomto-wa Ilbon-ui Kohunjeom-ui Gwangye (A Study on Gakpiljeomto in Korea and The Old Kunten in Japan), Kugyol Studies, 8, 21-76.
Kobayashi, Y. (2003). Silla Gyeongjeon-e Giipdoen Gakpil Munja-wa Buho - Kyoto•Otani Daehakjang Pan-bi-lyang-loneseoui Balgyeon (Charcters and Marks recorded in Silla Buddhist Sutra Pan-bi-lyang-lon of Kyoto•Otani University), Kugyol Studies, 10, 5-30.
Lee, S. (2001). On the Symbol-Kugyol (符號口訣) noted on a text of Huayanjing (華嚴經), Kugyol Studies, 7, 1-32.
Lee S. (2003). On Korean Versions of Surangama-sutra (首楞嚴經), Kugyol Studies, 11, 153-188.
Lee S. (2004). Some remarks on Gakpil (角筆) Bujeom-Kugyol (符點口訣), Kugyol Studies, 13, 289-316.
Lee S. et al. (2005). Gakpil kugyeol-ui Haedok-gwa Beonyeok 1 - Chojodaejanggyeong-ui <Yugasajiron> Kwon 5•8eul Jungsimeuro- (Dicipherment and Translation of Cipher Kugyols 1-foucused on <Yugasajiron> vol. 5•8 in Chojodaejanggyeong ). Seoul, Korea: Taehaksa.
Lee, S. et al. (2006a). Gakpil kugyeol-ui Haedokgwa Beonyeok 2 - Jubon Hwaeomgyeong Kwon Je 36 - (Dicipherment and Translation of Cipher Kugyols 2 - <Jubon Hwaeomgyeong > vol. 36 ). Seoul, Korea: Taehaksa.
Lee, S. et al. (2006b). Gakpil kugyeol-ui Haedokgwa Beonyeok 3 - Jubon Hwaeomgyeong Kwon Je 6, 57 (The Dicipherment and Translation of Cipher Kugyols 3 - <Jubon Hwaeomgyeong > vol. 6, 57 ). Seoul, Korea: Taehaksa.
Lee, Y. (2003). On Function of Negative Markers in Seokdok-Kugyol (釋讀口訣) Texts of Koryo dynasty period, Kugyol Studies, 11, 153-188.
Lee, Y. (2004). The Present Condition of Studies on Cipher Kugyol, Hanguk munhwa, 33, Seoul National University Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies.
Lee, Y. (2010). Grammatical Negation in Jeomto Seokdok Kugyol Texts of the Koryo period, Kugyol Studies, 24, 97-131.
Nam, P. (2000). Koryosidae-ui Jeomto kugyeol-e daehayeo (A Study on Jeomto kugyol in Koryo period ), Seojihakbo, 24, Hangukseojihakhoe, 5-45.
Nam, P. (2002a). Sillasidae Kugyol-ui Jaegu-reul Wihayeo (A Study for Reconstruction of Kugyol in Silla period), Kugyol Studies, 8, 77-93.
Nam, P. (2002b). Koryosidae Gakpiljeomto Seokdok kugyeol-ui Jongnyu-wa geu Haedok-Jinbonhwaeomgyeong Kwon 20-ui Jeomto seokdok Kugyol-eul Jungsimeuro (Several Kinds of Gakpiljeomto Seokdok Kugyeol Texts and Their Decipherment on Jinbonhwaeomgyeong vol 20), Joseonhakbo, 183, Joseonhakhoe, 1-22.
Park, J. (2003). Interpretation of Mark Gugyeols Written in Zhouben『Huayan jing』 volume 36 - With Special Interest in Correspondence with Character Gugyeols, Kugyol Studies, 11, 211-248.
Park, J. (2004). Duplication of Cipher Kugyols on the Same Position and Various Marks in Zhouben (周本) 《Huayanjing (華嚴經)》 volume 6, Kugyol Studies, 13, 129-148.
Park, J. (2006). Interpretation of Cipher Kugyols Written in Jinben 《Huayanjing》 volume 20, Kugyol Studies, 16, 173-209.
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LEE, Y. (2011). Morphology and Syntax in Holes and Scratches: The Latest Stage of Kugyol Research. Acta Linguistica Asiatica, 1(1), 53-70. https://doi.org/10.4312/ala.1.1.53-70
