Japanese Learning Support Systems: Hinoki Project Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4312/ala.2.3.95-124Keywords:
CALL, reading assistance system, writing assistance system, scientific and technical Japanese corpus, learner corpus, genreAbstract
In this report, we introduce the Hinoki project, which set out to develop web-based Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) systems for Japanese language learners more than a decade ago. Utilizing Natural Language Processing technologies and other linguistic resources, the project has come to encompass three systems, two corpora and many other resources. Beginning with the reading assistance system Asunaro, we describe the construction of Asunaro's multilingual dictionary and it's dependency grammar-based approach to reading assistance. The second system, Natsume, is a writing assistance system that uses large-scale corpora to provide an easy to use collocation search feature that is interesting for it's inclusion of the concept of genre. The final system, Nutmeg, is an extension of Natsume and the Natane learner corpus. It provides automatic correction of learners errors in compositions by using Natsume for its large corpus and genre-aware collocation data and Natane for its data on learner errors.
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References
Abekawa, T., Hodošček, B., & Nishina, K. (2011). Go no kyōki wo kōritsuteki ni kensaku dekiru nihongo sakubun shien shisutemu Natsume no shōkai [Introduction to efficient collocation search in Japanese writing assistance system Natsume]. (Vol. 17, pp. 595–598). Proceedings of The 17th Annual Meeting of The Association for Natural Language Processing. Toyama: The Association for Natural Language Processing.
Bond, F., Isahara, H., Fujita, S., Uchimoto, K., Kuribayashi, T., & Kanzaki, K. (2009, August). Enhancing the Japanese WordNet. (pp. 1–8). ACL-IJCNLP 2009. The 7th workshop on Asian Language Resources. Singapore.
Cao, H., & Nishina, K. (2010). Establishment of error classification framework for error database. Journal of Japanese language education methods, 18(1), 38–39.
Cao, H., Kuroda, F., Yagi, Y., & Nishina, K. (2011, August). Analysis of error classfication framework for learner corpus. (Vol. 2, pp. 520–521). International Conference on Japanese Language Education 2011. Tianjin, China.
Cao, H., Kuroda, F., Yagi, Y., Suzuki, T., & Nishina, K. (2010, July). Gakushūsha sakubun shien shisutemu no tame no goyō dētabēsu sakusei: dōshi no goyō bunseki wo chūshin ni [Constrction of learner error database for composition assistance: Focus on error analysis of verbs]. (Vol. 2, pp. 1571–1579). International Conference on Japanese Language Education 2010. Taipei, Taiwan.
Cao, H., Yagi, Y., & Nishina, F. K. K. (2012, August). Construction of learner corpus Natane and possible application. (pp. 1–4). 5th international conference on Computer Assisted Systems for Teaching & Learning Japanese (CASTEL/J). Nagoya. Retrieved from http://2012castelj.kshinagawa.com/proceedings/Poster/Poster5_Cao.pdf
Dı́az-Negrillo, A., & Fernández-Domı́nguez, J. (2006). Error tagging systems for learner corpora. Revista española de lingüı́stica aplicada, 19, 83–102. Retrieved from http://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/2198610.pdf
Granger, S. (2003). Error-tagged learner corpora and CALL: a promising synergy. The Computer Assisted Language Instruction Consortium (CALICO) Journal, 20(3), 465–480.
Hodošček, B. (2012). Sakubun sien to rejisutā [Writing assistance and register]. In K. Nishina, M. Kamada, H. Cao, T. Utashiro & T. Muraoka (Eds.), Nihongo gakusyūsien no kōtiku: gengokyōiku kōpasu sisutemu kaihatu [Constructing Japanese Language Learning: Language education, corpus and system development] (3, pp. 275–287). Tokyo: Bonjinsha.
Hodošček, B. (in press). Kōpasu no shūshū, setsumei, janru; jikken to bunseki [Corpus collection, explanation and genre; Experiment and analysis]. In Y. Sunakawa (Ed.), Kōza nihongo kōpasu [Japanese corpus textbook series] (Chap. 5, Vol. 5). Asakura Publishing Co., Ltd.
Hodošček, B., & Nishina, K. (2011, August). On the treatment of register in writing assistance systems. (Vol. 2, pp. 522– 523). International Conference on Japanese Language Education 2011. Tianjin, China.
Hodošček, B., Abekawa, T., Bekeš, A., & Nishina, K. (2011). Assisting co-occurrence production in report writing: Evaluation of writing assistance tool Natsume. Journal of Technical Japanese Education, 13, 33–40.
Hodošček, B., Abekawa, T., Murota, M., & Nishina, K. (2012, August). Readability of example sentences in writing assistance tool Natsume. (pp. 1–4). 5th international conference on Computer Assisted Systems for Teaching & Learning Japanese (CASTEL/J). Nagoya. Retrieved from http://2012castelj.kshinagawa.com/proceedings/Poster/Poster8_BorHodoscek.pdf
Isahara, H., Bond, F., Kanzaki, K., Uchimoto, K., Kuroda, K., Kuribayashi, T., Torisawa, K. (2012). Japanese WordNet. Retrieved December 10, 2012, from http://nlpwww.nict.go.jp/wn-ja/index.en.html
Kaplan, D., Iida, R., Nishina, K., & Tokunaga, T. (2012). Slate - a tool for creating and maintaining annotated corpora. Journal for Language Technology and Computational Linguistics, 26(2), 89–101. Retrieved from http://www.cl.cs.titech.ac.jp/publication/673.pdf
Kasahara, S. (2012). Chantokun —tōkeiteki nihongo kōsei— [Chantokun —statistical correction of Japanese—]. Retrieved December 10, 2012, from http://cl.naist.jp/chantokun/
Kawamura, Y., & Kitamura, T. (2001, March). Development of a Japanese reading resource bank using the Internet. Current report on Japanese-language education around the globe, 6, 241–255. Retrieved from http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110001046390/en/
Kawamura, Y., Kitamura, T., & Hobara, R. (2000, August). Development of a reading tutorial system for JSL and JFL learners using the EDR Electronic Japanese-English Dictionary. Japan journal of educational technology, 24, 7–12. Retrieved from http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10008760744/en/
Kawamura, Y., Kitamura, T., & Hobara, R. (2012). Japanese language reading tutorial system. Retrieved December 10, 2012, from http://language.tiu.ac.jp/
Kilgarriff, A., Rychly, P., Smrz, P., & Tugwell, D. (2004). The Sketch Engine. In Proceedings of EURALEX.
Kudo, T. (2012). MeCab: Yet Another Japanese Dependency Structure Analyzer. Retrieved December 10, 2012, from https://code.google.com/p/mecab/
Kudo, T., & Matsumoto, Y. (2012). CaboCha: Yet Another Japanese Dependency Structure Analyzer. Retrieved December 10, 2012, from https://code.google.com/p/cabocha/
L’Haire, S., & Faltin, A. (2003). Error diagnosis in the FreeText project. The Computer Assisted Language Instruction Consortium (CALICO) Journal, 20(3), 481–495. Retrieved from https://calico.org/a-290-Error%20Diagnosis%20in%20the%20FreeText%20Project.html
Maebo, K. (2012). A survey of register labelling in Japanese dictionaries - Towards the labelling of words in dictionaries for learners of Japanese. Acta Linguistica Asiatica, 3(3), 9-26.
Maekawa, K. (2007a, March 1–3). Design of a balanced corpus of contemporary written Japanese. In Proceedings of the symposium on Large-scale Knowledge Resources (LKR2007) (pp. 55–58). Tokyo Institute of Technology. Tokyo, Japan.
Maekawa, K. (2007b). KOTONOHA and BCCWJ: Development of a Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese. In Proceedings of the first international conference on Korean language, literature, and culture (Vol. 2, pp. 158–177). Corpora and Language Research. Seoul.
Maekawa, K. (2011, October). Linguistics-oriented language resource development at the National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics. In 2011 International Conference on Speech Database and Assessments (Oriental COCOSDA) (pp. 1–6). doi:10.1109/ICSDA.2011.6085971
Mizumoto, T., & Komachi, M. (2012, February). Robust NLP for Real-world Data: 3. Why is Japanese so Hard to Learn?—A Preliminary Investigation on Realistic Japanese Learners’ Corpus and Application of Natural Language Processing to Japanese Language Learning and Education—. IPSJ Magazine, 53(3), 217–223.
Nishina, K. (2001). Yasashi kagaku gijutsu nihongo dokkai nyūmon (kaitei-ban) [A gentle introduction to scientific and technical Japanese reading comprehension (revised edition)]. International Student Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology.
Nishina, K., Okumura, M., Abekawa, T., Yagi, Y., Bilac, S., & Fu, L. (2004, March 8–9). Asunaro CALL system: combining multilingual with multimedia. In International symposium on Large-scale Knowledge Resources LKR 2004 (pp. 69– 72). Tokyo Institute of Technology. Tokyo, Japan.
Nishina, K., Okumura, M., Yagi, Y., Totugi, N., Sawaya, T., Fu, L., … Abekawa, T. (2002). Kōbun hyōji to tagengo intāfēsu wo sonaeta nihongo dokkai gakushū shien shisutemu no kaihatsu [Development of a reading assistance system for Japanese language containing grammar display and multilingual interface features]. In Proceedings of the 8th conference of the Association of Natural Language Processing (pp. 228–231). Association of Natural Language Processing.
Oono, H., & Inazumi, H. (2011, March). Support tool of Japanese document proofreading and polish : Tomarigi : overview of efforts to support and labor-saving, for the labor of correction. Research report of JSET Conferences, 2011(1), 325– 332. Retrieved from http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10029781745/en/
Oosaki, H. (2006). Tips for technical writing. Retrieved December 10, 2012, from http://www.ispl.jp/~oosaki/research/ tips-jcorrect/
Pardeshi, P. (2012). Compilation of Japanese Basic Verb Usage Handbook for JFL Learners: A Project Report. Acta Linguistica Asiatica, 2(2), 37-63.
Pawley, A., & Syder, F. H. (1983). Two puzzles for linguistic theory: Nativelike selection and nativelike fluency, In Language and Communication (pp. 191–226). London: Longman.
Sketch Engine: SketchEngine. (2012). Retrieved December 10, 2012, from http://www.sketchengine.co.uk/
Srdanović-Erjavec, I., Erjavec, T., & Kilgarriff, A. (2008). A web corpus and word sketches for Japanese. Information and Media Technologies, 3(3), 529–551.
Yagi, Y., & Suzuki, T. (2012). Gakushūsha sakubun kōpasu no kōchiku to goyō no bunseki [Construction of learner corpus and error analysis]. In K. Nishina, M. Kamada, H. Cao, T. Utashiro & T. Muraoka (Eds.), Nihongo gakushūshien no kōchiku: gengokyōiku kōpasu shisutemu kaihatsu [Constructing Japanese Language Learning: Language education, corpus and system development] (3, pp. 249–274). Tokyo: Bonjinsha.
Yagi, Y., Hodošček, B., & Nishina, K. (2012, March). BCCWJ to gakushūsha sakubun kōpasu o riyōshita nihongo sakubun shien [Japanese writing assistance using the BCCWJ and a learner corpus]. In Dai ikkai kōpasu nihongogaku wākushoppu yokōshū [Proceeding of the first workshop on Japanese corpus linguistics]. Dai ikkai nihongo kōpasu wākushoppu [First workshop on Japanese corpus linguistics]. Tokyo.
Bond, F., Isahara, H., Fujita, S., Uchimoto, K., Kuribayashi, T., & Kanzaki, K. (2009, August). Enhancing the Japanese WordNet. (pp. 1–8). ACL-IJCNLP 2009. The 7th workshop on Asian Language Resources. Singapore.
Cao, H., & Nishina, K. (2010). Establishment of error classification framework for error database. Journal of Japanese language education methods, 18(1), 38–39.
Cao, H., Kuroda, F., Yagi, Y., & Nishina, K. (2011, August). Analysis of error classfication framework for learner corpus. (Vol. 2, pp. 520–521). International Conference on Japanese Language Education 2011. Tianjin, China.
Cao, H., Kuroda, F., Yagi, Y., Suzuki, T., & Nishina, K. (2010, July). Gakushūsha sakubun shien shisutemu no tame no goyō dētabēsu sakusei: dōshi no goyō bunseki wo chūshin ni [Constrction of learner error database for composition assistance: Focus on error analysis of verbs]. (Vol. 2, pp. 1571–1579). International Conference on Japanese Language Education 2010. Taipei, Taiwan.
Cao, H., Yagi, Y., & Nishina, F. K. K. (2012, August). Construction of learner corpus Natane and possible application. (pp. 1–4). 5th international conference on Computer Assisted Systems for Teaching & Learning Japanese (CASTEL/J). Nagoya. Retrieved from http://2012castelj.kshinagawa.com/proceedings/Poster/Poster5_Cao.pdf
Dı́az-Negrillo, A., & Fernández-Domı́nguez, J. (2006). Error tagging systems for learner corpora. Revista española de lingüı́stica aplicada, 19, 83–102. Retrieved from http://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/2198610.pdf
Granger, S. (2003). Error-tagged learner corpora and CALL: a promising synergy. The Computer Assisted Language Instruction Consortium (CALICO) Journal, 20(3), 465–480.
Hodošček, B. (2012). Sakubun sien to rejisutā [Writing assistance and register]. In K. Nishina, M. Kamada, H. Cao, T. Utashiro & T. Muraoka (Eds.), Nihongo gakusyūsien no kōtiku: gengokyōiku kōpasu sisutemu kaihatu [Constructing Japanese Language Learning: Language education, corpus and system development] (3, pp. 275–287). Tokyo: Bonjinsha.
Hodošček, B. (in press). Kōpasu no shūshū, setsumei, janru; jikken to bunseki [Corpus collection, explanation and genre; Experiment and analysis]. In Y. Sunakawa (Ed.), Kōza nihongo kōpasu [Japanese corpus textbook series] (Chap. 5, Vol. 5). Asakura Publishing Co., Ltd.
Hodošček, B., & Nishina, K. (2011, August). On the treatment of register in writing assistance systems. (Vol. 2, pp. 522– 523). International Conference on Japanese Language Education 2011. Tianjin, China.
Hodošček, B., Abekawa, T., Bekeš, A., & Nishina, K. (2011). Assisting co-occurrence production in report writing: Evaluation of writing assistance tool Natsume. Journal of Technical Japanese Education, 13, 33–40.
Hodošček, B., Abekawa, T., Murota, M., & Nishina, K. (2012, August). Readability of example sentences in writing assistance tool Natsume. (pp. 1–4). 5th international conference on Computer Assisted Systems for Teaching & Learning Japanese (CASTEL/J). Nagoya. Retrieved from http://2012castelj.kshinagawa.com/proceedings/Poster/Poster8_BorHodoscek.pdf
Isahara, H., Bond, F., Kanzaki, K., Uchimoto, K., Kuroda, K., Kuribayashi, T., Torisawa, K. (2012). Japanese WordNet. Retrieved December 10, 2012, from http://nlpwww.nict.go.jp/wn-ja/index.en.html
Kaplan, D., Iida, R., Nishina, K., & Tokunaga, T. (2012). Slate - a tool for creating and maintaining annotated corpora. Journal for Language Technology and Computational Linguistics, 26(2), 89–101. Retrieved from http://www.cl.cs.titech.ac.jp/publication/673.pdf
Kasahara, S. (2012). Chantokun —tōkeiteki nihongo kōsei— [Chantokun —statistical correction of Japanese—]. Retrieved December 10, 2012, from http://cl.naist.jp/chantokun/
Kawamura, Y., & Kitamura, T. (2001, March). Development of a Japanese reading resource bank using the Internet. Current report on Japanese-language education around the globe, 6, 241–255. Retrieved from http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110001046390/en/
Kawamura, Y., Kitamura, T., & Hobara, R. (2000, August). Development of a reading tutorial system for JSL and JFL learners using the EDR Electronic Japanese-English Dictionary. Japan journal of educational technology, 24, 7–12. Retrieved from http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10008760744/en/
Kawamura, Y., Kitamura, T., & Hobara, R. (2012). Japanese language reading tutorial system. Retrieved December 10, 2012, from http://language.tiu.ac.jp/
Kilgarriff, A., Rychly, P., Smrz, P., & Tugwell, D. (2004). The Sketch Engine. In Proceedings of EURALEX.
Kudo, T. (2012). MeCab: Yet Another Japanese Dependency Structure Analyzer. Retrieved December 10, 2012, from https://code.google.com/p/mecab/
Kudo, T., & Matsumoto, Y. (2012). CaboCha: Yet Another Japanese Dependency Structure Analyzer. Retrieved December 10, 2012, from https://code.google.com/p/cabocha/
L’Haire, S., & Faltin, A. (2003). Error diagnosis in the FreeText project. The Computer Assisted Language Instruction Consortium (CALICO) Journal, 20(3), 481–495. Retrieved from https://calico.org/a-290-Error%20Diagnosis%20in%20the%20FreeText%20Project.html
Maebo, K. (2012). A survey of register labelling in Japanese dictionaries - Towards the labelling of words in dictionaries for learners of Japanese. Acta Linguistica Asiatica, 3(3), 9-26.
Maekawa, K. (2007a, March 1–3). Design of a balanced corpus of contemporary written Japanese. In Proceedings of the symposium on Large-scale Knowledge Resources (LKR2007) (pp. 55–58). Tokyo Institute of Technology. Tokyo, Japan.
Maekawa, K. (2007b). KOTONOHA and BCCWJ: Development of a Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese. In Proceedings of the first international conference on Korean language, literature, and culture (Vol. 2, pp. 158–177). Corpora and Language Research. Seoul.
Maekawa, K. (2011, October). Linguistics-oriented language resource development at the National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics. In 2011 International Conference on Speech Database and Assessments (Oriental COCOSDA) (pp. 1–6). doi:10.1109/ICSDA.2011.6085971
Mizumoto, T., & Komachi, M. (2012, February). Robust NLP for Real-world Data: 3. Why is Japanese so Hard to Learn?—A Preliminary Investigation on Realistic Japanese Learners’ Corpus and Application of Natural Language Processing to Japanese Language Learning and Education—. IPSJ Magazine, 53(3), 217–223.
Nishina, K. (2001). Yasashi kagaku gijutsu nihongo dokkai nyūmon (kaitei-ban) [A gentle introduction to scientific and technical Japanese reading comprehension (revised edition)]. International Student Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology.
Nishina, K., Okumura, M., Abekawa, T., Yagi, Y., Bilac, S., & Fu, L. (2004, March 8–9). Asunaro CALL system: combining multilingual with multimedia. In International symposium on Large-scale Knowledge Resources LKR 2004 (pp. 69– 72). Tokyo Institute of Technology. Tokyo, Japan.
Nishina, K., Okumura, M., Yagi, Y., Totugi, N., Sawaya, T., Fu, L., … Abekawa, T. (2002). Kōbun hyōji to tagengo intāfēsu wo sonaeta nihongo dokkai gakushū shien shisutemu no kaihatsu [Development of a reading assistance system for Japanese language containing grammar display and multilingual interface features]. In Proceedings of the 8th conference of the Association of Natural Language Processing (pp. 228–231). Association of Natural Language Processing.
Oono, H., & Inazumi, H. (2011, March). Support tool of Japanese document proofreading and polish : Tomarigi : overview of efforts to support and labor-saving, for the labor of correction. Research report of JSET Conferences, 2011(1), 325– 332. Retrieved from http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10029781745/en/
Oosaki, H. (2006). Tips for technical writing. Retrieved December 10, 2012, from http://www.ispl.jp/~oosaki/research/ tips-jcorrect/
Pardeshi, P. (2012). Compilation of Japanese Basic Verb Usage Handbook for JFL Learners: A Project Report. Acta Linguistica Asiatica, 2(2), 37-63.
Pawley, A., & Syder, F. H. (1983). Two puzzles for linguistic theory: Nativelike selection and nativelike fluency, In Language and Communication (pp. 191–226). London: Longman.
Sketch Engine: SketchEngine. (2012). Retrieved December 10, 2012, from http://www.sketchengine.co.uk/
Srdanović-Erjavec, I., Erjavec, T., & Kilgarriff, A. (2008). A web corpus and word sketches for Japanese. Information and Media Technologies, 3(3), 529–551.
Yagi, Y., & Suzuki, T. (2012). Gakushūsha sakubun kōpasu no kōchiku to goyō no bunseki [Construction of learner corpus and error analysis]. In K. Nishina, M. Kamada, H. Cao, T. Utashiro & T. Muraoka (Eds.), Nihongo gakushūshien no kōchiku: gengokyōiku kōpasu shisutemu kaihatsu [Constructing Japanese Language Learning: Language education, corpus and system development] (3, pp. 249–274). Tokyo: Bonjinsha.
Yagi, Y., Hodošček, B., & Nishina, K. (2012, March). BCCWJ to gakushūsha sakubun kōpasu o riyōshita nihongo sakubun shien [Japanese writing assistance using the BCCWJ and a learner corpus]. In Dai ikkai kōpasu nihongogaku wākushoppu yokōshū [Proceeding of the first workshop on Japanese corpus linguistics]. Dai ikkai nihongo kōpasu wākushoppu [First workshop on Japanese corpus linguistics]. Tokyo.
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HODOŠČEK, B., & NISHINA, K. (2012). Japanese Learning Support Systems: Hinoki Project Report. Acta Linguistica Asiatica, 2(3), 95-124. https://doi.org/10.4312/ala.2.3.95-124
