Adjective distribution in Modern Mongolian
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4312/ala.6.2.9-22Keywords:
Mongolian, adjective predicates, scale structureAbstract
This paper discusses adjective distribution in Mongolian based upon the mereological framework: scale structure. It investigates how adjectival complements are sensitive to the scalar structure of adjectival predicates (APs) in resultative constructions as well as direct perception expressions. The findings reveal that Mongolian only tolerates inherent resultatives; derived resultatives are ruled out. The acceptability of adjectival complements in inherent resultatives runs from 'Totally open-scale/Totally closed-scale' down to 'Lower closed/Upper closed-scale'. On the other hand, adjectival complements in direct perception expressions are of no diverse acceptability, i.e. all layers of APs are licensed. Furthermore, durative verbs are likely to yield open-scale APs whilst punctual verbs seem to favour closed-scale APs.Downloads
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References
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Slobin, D. (1996). Two ways to travel: Verbs of motion in English and Spanish. In M. Shibatani & S. A. Thompson (Eds.), Grammatical constructions: Their form and meaning (195–219). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Slobin, D. (1997). Mind, code, and text. In J. Bybee, J. Haiman & Sandra A. Thompson (Eds.), Essays on language function and language type (pp. 437–467). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Slobin, D. (2000). Verbalized events – a dynamic approach to linguistic relativity and determinism. In S. Niemeier & R. Dirven (Eds.), Evidence for linguistic relativity. John Benjamins, Amsterdam.
Talmy, L. (1985). Lexicalization patterns: semantic structure in lexical forms. In T. Shopen (Ed.), Language typology and syntactic description, vol. III: Grammatical categories and the lexicon (pp. 57–149). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Talmy, L. (2000a). Toward a cognitive semantics, vol.1: concept-structuring systems. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
Talmy, L. (2000b). Toward a cognitive semantics, vol.2: typology and process in concept structuring. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Tsujimura, N. (2001). A constructional approach to stativity in Chinese. Studies in Language, 25(3), 525–553.
Uegaki, W. (2009). A degree-based semantics for Chinese resultatives. Paper presented at the University of Tokyo.
Vanden Wyngraerd, G. (2001). Measuring events. Language, 77, 61–90.
Vendler, Z. (1967). Linguistics in Philology. Cornell University Press.
Washio, R. (1997). Resultatives, compositionality, and language variation. Journal of East Asian Linguistics, 6, 1–49.
Wechsler, S. (2000). An Analysis of English Resultatives Under the Event-Argument Homomorphism Model of Telicity. In Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Text Structure, University of Texas, Austin.
Wechsler, S. (2005). Resultatives under the 'event-argument homomorphism' model of telicity (pp. 255–274). In N. Erteschik-Shir & T. Rapaport (Eds.), The syntax of aspect. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Beavers, J. (2008). Scalar Complexity and the Structure of Events. In J. Dolling, T. Heyde-Zybatow & M. Schäfer (Eds.), Event Structures in Linguistic Form and Interpretation (pp. 245–265). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Beavers, J., Levin B., & Tham, S.W. (2010). A Morphosyntactic Basis for Variation in the Encoding of Motion Events. Journal of Linguistics 46, 331–377.
Boas, H. C. (2003). A Constructional Approach to Resultatives. Stanford: CSLI Publications.
Boas, H. C., (2000). Resultative constructions in English and German. Doctoral Dissertation. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina.
Bolinger, D. (1972). Degree Words. The Hague: Mouton.
Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Croft, W., Barddal J., Hollmann W. B., Sotirova V., & Taoka C. (2001). Discriminating verb meanings: the case of transfer verbs (Autumn Meeting of the Linguistic Association Great Britain, Reading).
Dimitrova-Vulchanova, M. (2002). On two types of results: resultatives revisited. Ms NTNU Trondheim.
Folli, R., & Ramchand, G. (2005). Prepositions and results in Italian and English: An analysis from vent decomposition (pp. 1–20). In H. Verkuyl, A. van Hout & H. de Swart (Eds.), Perspective on Aspects. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Goldberg, A. (1995). Constructions: A Construction Grammar Approach to Argument Structure. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Goldberg, A., & Jackendoff, R. (2004). The English Resultative as a Family of Constructions. Language 80, 532–568.
Hay, J., Kennedy C., & Levin B. (1999). Scalar structure underlies telicity in 'degree achievements'. Semantics and Linguistic Theory 9, 127–144.
Iwata, S. (2006). Argument Resltatives and Adjunct Resultatives in a Lexical Constructional Account. Language Sciences 28: 449–496.
Jackendoff, R. S. (1997). The Architecture of the Language Faculty. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Kageyama, T, (1999). Word formation. In N. Tsujumura (Ed.), The Handbook of Chinese Linguistics. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
Kageyama, T. (1996). Doushiimiron-gengo to ninchi no setten. Kuroshio.
Kageyama, T. (2001). Nichiei Taishoodooshi no Imi to Koobun. Taishuukan Publisher.
Kennedy, C. & McNally, L. (2005). Scale structure, degree modification, and the semantics of gradable predicates. Language 81(2), 345–381.
Kennedy, C. (1999). Projecting the Adjectives: The Syntax and Semantics of Gradability and Comparison. New York: Garland.
Kennedy, C., & Levin, B. (2008). Measure of Change: The Adjectival Core of Degree Achievements. In L. McNally & C. Kennedy (Ed.), Adjectives and Adverbs: Syntax, Semantics and Discourse (pp. 156–182). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Kitahara, H. (2009). Dooshinogoigainenkouzoo to ni ku no sukeirukoozoo, toogokoozoonimotoduita, chakutennkoobun to kekkakoobun no heikoosei (pp. 315–364). In N. Ono (Ed.), Kekkakoobun no taiporojii.
Levin, B. & Rappaport Hovav, M. (1995). Unaccusativity. Linguistic Inquiry Monograph 26, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Levin, B. & Rappaport Hovav, M. (2010). Lexicalized scales and verbs of scalar change. Paper presented at the CLS 46.
Levin, B. (2013). Resultatives Revisited. Paper presented at Secondary Predication in Formal Frameworks. Utrecht.
Levinson, S. C., & Wilkins, D. P. (2006). The background to the study of the language of space. In Stephen. C. Levinson & David. P. Wilkins (Eds.), Grammars of space: Explorations in cognitive Diversity (pp. 1–23). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Li, W. (2011). Event Argument in Adjectival Perception Complements in German: Comparison with English. Ars Linguistica, 18, 217–230.
Ma, Z., & Lu, J. (1997a). Study on adjectives as resultatives I. Study of Chinese Language, (1), 3–7.
Melka, F. (2003). Verbes de mouvement et verbes resultatifs en langues romanes et Germaniques. In F. Sanchez Miret (Ed.), Actas del XXIII Congreso Internacional de Linguiy Filologia Romanica 2/2 (pp. 55–63), Niemeyer, Tubingen.
Mihara, K. (2009). Sukeirukoozoo kara miru kekkakoobun. In N. Ono (Ed.), Kekkakoobun no taiporojii, 141–170.
Ono N. (2010). A Lexical Resource View of Motion and Resultative Constructions. Morphology and Lexicon Forum, oral presentation, National Institute for Japanese language and linguistics.
Rappaport Hovav, M., & Levin B. (1998). Building Verb Meanings. In M. Butt & W. Geuder (Ed.), The Projection of Arguments: Lexical and Compositional Factors (pp. 97–134), CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
Sapir, E. (1944). Grading: a study in semantics. Philosophy of Science, (11), 93–116.
Simpson, J. (1983). Resultatives. In L. Levin, M. Rappaport & A. Zaenen (Eds.), Papers in Lexical-Functional Grammar (pp. 143–157). Indiana University Linguistics Club, Bloomington.
Slobin, D. (1996). Two ways to travel: Verbs of motion in English and Spanish. In M. Shibatani & S. A. Thompson (Eds.), Grammatical constructions: Their form and meaning (195–219). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Slobin, D. (1997). Mind, code, and text. In J. Bybee, J. Haiman & Sandra A. Thompson (Eds.), Essays on language function and language type (pp. 437–467). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Slobin, D. (2000). Verbalized events – a dynamic approach to linguistic relativity and determinism. In S. Niemeier & R. Dirven (Eds.), Evidence for linguistic relativity. John Benjamins, Amsterdam.
Talmy, L. (1985). Lexicalization patterns: semantic structure in lexical forms. In T. Shopen (Ed.), Language typology and syntactic description, vol. III: Grammatical categories and the lexicon (pp. 57–149). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Talmy, L. (2000a). Toward a cognitive semantics, vol.1: concept-structuring systems. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
Talmy, L. (2000b). Toward a cognitive semantics, vol.2: typology and process in concept structuring. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Tsujimura, N. (2001). A constructional approach to stativity in Chinese. Studies in Language, 25(3), 525–553.
Uegaki, W. (2009). A degree-based semantics for Chinese resultatives. Paper presented at the University of Tokyo.
Vanden Wyngraerd, G. (2001). Measuring events. Language, 77, 61–90.
Vendler, Z. (1967). Linguistics in Philology. Cornell University Press.
Washio, R. (1997). Resultatives, compositionality, and language variation. Journal of East Asian Linguistics, 6, 1–49.
Wechsler, S. (2000). An Analysis of English Resultatives Under the Event-Argument Homomorphism Model of Telicity. In Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Text Structure, University of Texas, Austin.
Wechsler, S. (2005). Resultatives under the 'event-argument homomorphism' model of telicity (pp. 255–274). In N. Erteschik-Shir & T. Rapaport (Eds.), The syntax of aspect. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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28. 12. 2016
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LI, W. (2016). Adjective distribution in Modern Mongolian. Acta Linguistica Asiatica, 6(2), 9-22. https://doi.org/10.4312/ala.6.2.9-22
