Aspects of Aspect: Phasic and Episodic Dimensions of Verbs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4312/ala.9.2.9-52Keywords:
aspect, phasic and episodic coercions, adverb, tense, progressive operatorAbstract
The present study sets out to analyze aspectuality and coercion in Persian from a new perspective. With regard to the transcendental aspectual distinction between perfectivity, characterized by boundedness and heterogeneity, and imperfectivity, specified by uniformity and homogeneity (Langacker, 2008), it is argued that the heterogeneity of verbs may be assessed according to their phasic and episodic variables. In other words, in contrast to homogeneous verbs, which lack any kind of boundedness, heterogeneous verbs may occur either in a bounded phasic domain or in a bounded episodic domain. Concerning phasic-episodic features, this study presents a new model of lexical aspect that can differentiate five aspectual categories. The paper also scrutinizes the combinations of different verbs with different sentential operators in order to explain various kinds of type-shifting triggered by different operators. Thereby, two procedures of phasic coercion and episodic coercion are introduced which are responsible for modifying the phasic and episodic features of verbs in order to resolve the semantic conflicts between verbs and sentential operators. These procedures modify the phasic/episodic attributes of verbs according to the viewing frames evoked by interpretative operators.
Downloads
References
Binnick, R. (1991). Time and the verb: A guide to tense and aspect. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Carlson, L. (1981). Aspect and quantification. In P. J. Tedeschi & A. Zaenen, Syntax and semantics: Vol. 14. Tense and Aspect (pp. 31-64). New York: Academic Press.
Comrie, B. (1976). Aspect. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Comrie, B. (1985). Tense. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cortés-Rodríguez, F. J. (2014). Aspectual features in role and reference grammar: A layered proposal. Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics, 27(1), 23-53.
Croft, W. (2012). Verb: Aspect and causal structure. New York: Oxford University Press.
Declerck, R. (2006). The grammar of the English tense system: A comprehensive analysis. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Declerck, R. (2015). Tense in English: Its structure and use in discourse. London: Rutledge.
De Swart, H. (1998). Aspect shift and coercion. Natural language & linguistic theory, 16(2), 347-385.
De Swart, H., & Verkuyl, H. (1999). Tense and aspect in sentence and discourse. Lecture notes of the 11th European summer school in logic, language and information. Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OST.
De Swart, H. (2000). Tense, aspect and coercion in a cross-linguistic perspective. In Proceedings of the Berkeley Formal Grammar conference. University of California, Berkeley.
Frawley, W. (1999). Linguistic semantics. London: Routledge.
Hoepelman, J. and Rohrer, C. (1980). On the mass count distinction and the French imparfait and passe simple. In C. Rohrer (Ed.), Time, tense, and aspect (629-645). Tuebingen: Niemeyer.
Jackendoff, R. (1997). The architecture of the language faculty. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Langacker, R. W. (1982). Remarks on English aspect. In P. J. Hopper (Ed.), Tense-aspect: Between semantics and pragmatics (pp. 265-304). Philadelphia: John Benjamin Publishing.
Langacker, R. W. (1987). Foundations of cognitive grammar: Theoretical prerequisites (Vol. 1). California: Stanford University Press.
Langacker, R. W. (1995). Possession and possessive constructions. In J. R. Taylor, & R. E. MacLaury (Eds.), Language and the cognitive construal of the world (pp. 51-80). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Langacker, R. W. (2008). Cognitive grammar: A basic introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Langacker, R. W. (2009). Investigations in cognitive grammar. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Langacker, R. W. (2011). The English present: Temporal coincidence vs. epistemic immediacy. In A. Patard, & F. Brisard (Eds.), Cognitive approaches to tense, aspect, and epistemic modality (pp. 45-86). Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Leech, G. (1970). Towards a semantic description of English. Bloomington: Indian University Press.
Leech, G. (2004). Meaning and the English verb. London: Longman.
Michaelis, L. A. (2004). Type shifting in construction grammar: An integrated approach to aspectual coercion. Cognitive linguistics, 15(1), 1-68.
Michaelis, L. A. (2011). Stative by construction. Linguistics, 49(6), 1359-1399.
Moens, M., & Steedman, M. (1988). Temporal ontology and temporal reference. Computational linguistics, 14 (2), 15-28.
Mourelatos, A. P. (1978). Events, processes, and states. Linguistics and philosophy, 2(3), 415-434.
Pustejovsky, J. (1995). The generative lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Smith, C. S. (1997). The parameter of aspect. doi: 10.1007/978-94-011-5606-6
Vendler, Z. (1967). Linguistics in philosophy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Verkuyl, H. J. (1972). On the compositional nature of the aspect. Springer-Science and Business Media.
Verkuyl, H. J. (1993). A theory of aspectuality: The interaction between temporal and atemproal structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Verkuyl, H. J. (2005). Aspectual composition: Surveying the ingredients. In H. Verkuyl, H. De-Swart & A. Van-Houtin (Eds.), Perspectives on aspects (pp. 19-41). Springer.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 RAHMAN veisi hasar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.