Časovnost španskega glagola: od pripovednega k pesniškemu besedilu

Povzetek

The verb is the first indicator of time in language; therefore it is a fundamental starting point for all research into textual temporality. The Spanish verb system consists of ten verbal paradigms in the indicative mood, and four (or six) verbal paradigms in the subjunctive mood. This allows for a wide range of temporal values in different contexts. Every linguistic act and every type of text is realized as a dynamic process of communication where the utterer creates a discourse in order to give rise to certain effects in the recipient. The pragmatic dimension must, therefore, be inherent to each linguistic commentary on the temporality of any text, including a poetic text, where a lyrical discourse is being established in fictional time and space. The understanding of all components of communicative process is unavoidable for the proper interpretation of the textual network because with each statement the speaker “enters” into the language, and its communicative purpose is reflected not only through the meaning and vocabulary, but also at the morphological-syntactic level. This paper presents central views on the temporality of the Spanish verbal paradigms and proposes guidelines for the systematization of the expression of temporality in poetry. The survey is based on the hypothesis that it is possible to detect a certain distribution of Spanish verbal paradigms in poetic texts. The proposed temporal-modal systematization of the Spanish verb is based on the criterion of relevance.