Okvirjanje nasilja v predsedniškem diskurzu

Študija govorov Baracka Obame

Avtorji

  • Katja Plemenitaš Univerza v Mariboru, Filozofska fakulteta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4312/ars.14.1.139-155

Ključne besede:

okviri vrednotenja, nasilje nad temnopoltimi Američani, Obama, predsedniška retorika

Povzetek

V prispevku so obravnavane značilnosti sodobne ameriške predsedniške politične retorike s posebnim poudarkom na govorih Baracka Obame, s katerimi se je odzval na uboje temnopoltih Američanov. Trije od analiziranih govorov vsebujejo Obamov odziv na sodne odločitve, ki so zavrnile obtožbo policistov, odgovornih za uboj, v enem od govorov pa se je odzval na množični umor temnopoltih faranov s strani belega skrajneža. Študija temelji na analizi jezikovnih kategorij vrednotenja, ki so pojmovane kot okviri vrednotenja. Okviri vrednotenja udeležence v diskurzu osvetlijo s presojami vedenja in pripisovanja čustev ter z vrednotenjem predmetov in pojavov. Koncept okvirov vrednotenja temelji na spoznanjih teorije medijske komunikacije in teorije jezika vrednotenja v sistemsko-funkcijskem jezikoslovju. Ugotovitve analize kažejo, da Obama uporablja preplet pozitivnih in negativnih vrednotenj različnih vrst, da bi presegel rasno kategorizacijo in se izognil neposrednemu pripisovanju krivde. Raziskava pokaže tudi, da Obama rasne razdelitve pogosto uokvirja tako, da udeležence na nasprotnih straneh poenoti z istim okvirom.

Prenosi

Podatki o prenosih še niso na voljo.

Literatura

Chafe, W., The recall and verbalization of past experience, in: Current Issues in Linguistic Theory (ed. Cole, R. W.), Indiana 1977, pp. 215-246.

Croft, W., Cruse D. A., Cognitive Linguistics, Cambridge 2004.

Dahl, T., Contested science in the media: Linguistic traces of news writers’ framing activity, Written Communication 32 (1), 2015, pp. 39-65.

Fillmore, C. J., The need for a frame semantics within linguistics, in: Statistical Methods in Linguistics 12 (ed. Karlgren, H.), Stockholm 1976, pp. 5–29.

Gamson, W. A., Modigliani, A., Media discourse and public opinion: A constructionist approach, American Journal of Sociology 95, 1989, pp. 1-37.

Entman, R. M., Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm, Journal of Communication 43, 1993, pp. 51-58.

Entman, R. M., Projections of Power: Framing News, Public Opinion, and U.S. Foreign Policy, Chicago 2004.

Križan, A., The Persuasive Mechanism of Monoglossic Propositions in Advertisements, Ars & Humanitas 14. 1., 2020, pp. 171-185.

Kuypers, J. A., Presidential Crisis Rhetoric and the Press in the Post-Cold War World, Westport, London 1997.

Kuypers, J. A., Framing Analysis from a Rhetorical Perspective, in: Doing News Framing Analysis: Empirical and Theoretical Perspective (eds. Angelo, P. D., Kuypers, J. A.), New York 2009, pp. 286-311.

Lakoff, G., Don’t Think of an Elephant: Know your values and frame the debate - The essential guide for progressives, White River 2004.

Li, S., Signifying without Specifying. Racial Discourse in the Age of Obama, New Brunswick, New Jersey, London 2012.

Martin, J. R., White, P. R. R., The Language of Evaluation. Appraisal in English, London 2005.

Menasce Horowitz, J., Most Americans say the legacy of slavery still affects black people in the U.S. today, Pew Research Center, 17 June 2019, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/06/17/most-americans-say-the-legacy-of-slavery-still-affects-black-people-in-the-u-s-today/ (Accessed 20 Feb. 2020).

Morrison, T., Home, in: The House that Race Built (ed. Lubiano W.), New York 1997, pp. 3-12.

Obama, B., Presidential Farewell Address, 10 January 2017, http://www.americanrhetoric.com/barackobamaspeeches.htm, (Accessed 20 Jan. 2020).

Onič, T., Prajnč Kacijan N., Repetition as a Means of Verbal and Psychological Violence in Interrogation Scenes from Contemporary Drama, Ars & Humanitas, 14. 1., 2020, pp. 13-26.

Pan, Z., Kosicki, G.M., Framing analysis: An approach to news discourse, Political Communication 10, 1993, pp. 55-75.

Plemenitaš, K., How to be presidential: An analysis of Barack Obama’s speech on race, Maribor International Review 1/1, 2008, pp. 64 -70.

Plemenitaš, K., Krajnc Ž., The implicitness of race in American political discourse: A study of Barack Obama’s rhetoric, Annales. Series Historia et Sociologia 28/2, 2018, pp. 309-325.

Reilly, W., Sorry, New York Times, But America Began in 1776, Quillette, 17 Feb. 2020, https://quillette.com/ (Accessed 23 Jan. 2020).

Roediger, D. R., How Race Survived U.S. History: From Settlement to Slavery to the Obama Phenomenon, New York 2008.

Shear, M. D., Alcindor Y., Jolted by Deaths, Obama Found His Voice on Race, The New York Times, 14 Jan. 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/14/us/politics/obama-presidency-race.htlm (Accessed 22 Jan. 2020).

Skënderi Rakipllari, E., A framing analysis to the debate about foreign waste import in Albania, Ars & Humanitas, 14. 1., 2020, pp. 215-229.

The Counted, 31 Dec. 2015, Http;//www.theguardian.com/us-news/series/counted-us-police-killings (Accessed 28 Dec. 2019).

Wodak, R., “Strangers in Europe”. A Discourse-Historical Approach to the Legitimation of Immigration Control 2015/16, in: Advancing Multimodal and Critical Discourse Studies (eds. Zhao, S., Djonow, E., Björkvall, A., Boeriis, M.), London 2017, pp. 31-50.

***

Barack Obama’s speeches for analysis

Remarks by the President on Trayvon Martin, 19 July 2013, www.whitehouse.gov.

Remarks by the President after the Announcement of the Decision by the Grand Jury in Ferguson, Missouri, 24 Nov. 2014, www.whitehouse.gov.

President Obama’s Statement on Eric Garner, 3 Dec. 2014, www.whitehouse.gov.

The Statement by the President on the Shooting in Charleston, South Caroline, 18 June 2015, www.whitehouse.gov.

Objavljeno

23. 06. 2020

Kako citirati

Plemenitaš, K. (2020). Okvirjanje nasilja v predsedniškem diskurzu: Študija govorov Baracka Obame. Ars & Humanitas, 14(1), 139-155. https://doi.org/10.4312/ars.14.1.139-155