Li Zehou’s Ideas on Chinese Modernity Revisited
Possible Applications of Xi ti Zhong yong
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4312/as.2024.12.2.43-61Keywords:
Li Zehou, history of ideas, Chinese philosophy, Yan Lianke, mythorealism, Sungmoon Kim, Public Reason ConfucianismAbstract
We propose Li Zehou’s idea of “Western Learning for Substance, Chinese Learning for Function” (Xi ti Zhong yong 西體中用) as an interpretative framework for two distinct theories: Sungmoon Kim’s political theory of public reason Confucianism and Yan Lianke’s literary theory of mythorealism. This paper aims to show that Xi ti Zhong yong can provide a unified explanatory framework for these two apparently distinct theories. Second, we show that Xi ti Zhong yong can be applied even more broadly to other phenomena occurring in contemporary discourses on China. In particular, we show that it provides new interpretative perspectives in political philosophy and literary theory.
Downloads
References
Ames, Roger T., and Jianhua Jia, eds. 2018. Li Zehou and Confucian Philosophy. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824876104
Angle, Stephen C. 2012. Contemporary Confucian Political Philosophy: Toward Progressive Confucianism. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
———. 2019. “Does Confucian Public Reason Depend on Confucian Civil Religion?” Journal of Social Philosophy 50 (2): 177–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/josp.12276. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/josp.12276
Bai, Tongdong. 2019. Against Political Equality: The Confucian Case (The Princeton-China Series, 2). Princeton: Princeton University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691195995.001.0001
Bruya, Brian. 2003. “Li Zehou’s Aesthetics as a Marxist Philosophy of Freedom.” Dialogue and Universalism 13 (11–12): 133–40.
Cao, Xuenan. 2016. “Village Worlds: Yan Lianke’s Villages and Matters of Life.” Journal of Language, Literature and Culture 63 (2-3): 179‒90. https://doi.org/10.1080/20512856.2016.1244917. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/20512856.2016.1244917
Carleo, Robert A., and Yong Huang, eds. 2021. Confucian Political Philosophy: Dialogues on the State of the Field. Springer.
Chan, Joseph. 2014. Confucian Perfectionism: A Political Philosophy for Modern Times. Princeton: Princeton University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691158617.001.0001
———. 2019. “Public Reason Confucianism without Foundation?” Journal of Social Philosophy 50 (2): 134–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/josp.12278. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/josp.12278
Chen, Thomas. 2011. “Ridiculing the Golden Age: Subversive Undertones in Yan Lianke’s Happy.” Chinese Literature Today 1 (2): 66–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/21514399.2011.11833936. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21514399.2011.11833936
Dan, Shen, and Xiaoyi Zhou. 2006. “Western Literary Theories in China: Reception, Influence and Resistance.” Comparative Critical Studies 3 (1): 139‒55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/ccs.2006.0016
Elstein, David. 2021. “Contemporary Confucian Political Thought.” In Dao Companion to Contemporary Confucian Philosophy, edited by David Elstein, 489–511. Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56475-9_22
Gao, Jianping 高建平, Jie Wang 王傑, Guoqi Ding 丁國旗, and Jifang Duan 段吉方. 2016. “Jianshe Wenyi Yanjiu de Zhongguo Huayu 建設文藝研究的中國話語 (Creating Chinese Discourse in Literary Research).” China Writer Networks (中國作家網), January 8, 2016. Accessed November 24, 2022. http://www.chinawriter.com.cn/wxpl/2016/2016-01-08/262714.html.
Gu, Xin. 1996. “Subjectivity, Modernity, and Chinese Hegelian Marxism: A Study of Li Zehou’s Philosophical Ideas from a Comparative Perspective.” Philosophy East and West 46 (2): 205. https://doi.org/10.2307/1399404. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1399404
Ivanhoe, Philip J., and Sungmoon Kim, eds. 2016. Confucianism, A Habit of the Heart: Bellah, Civil Religion, and East Asia. Albany: SUNY Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781438460147
Jiang, Qing. 2013. A Confucian Constitutional Order: How China’s Ancient Past Can Shape Its Political Future. Edited by Daniel A. Bell, and Ruiping Fan. Translated by Edmund Ryden. Princeton University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691154602.001.0001
Jin, Yutang. 2021. “What Confucianism and for Whom? The Value and Dilemma of Invoking Confucianism in Confucian Political Theories.” Journal of Value Inquiry 57: 737‒57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10790-021-09858-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10790-021-09858-2
Kim, Sungmoon. 2016. Public Reason Confucianism: Democratic Perfectionism and Constitutionalism in East Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316226865
———. 2018. Democracy after Virtue: Toward Pragmatic Confucian Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190671235.001.0001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190671235.001.0001
———. 2021. “Confucian Public Reason Beyond Rawls.” In Confucian Political Philosophy. Dialogues on the State of the Field, edited by Robert A. Carleo III, and Yong Huang, 123–33. Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70611-1_6
Lambert, Andrew. 2021. “Li Zehou: Synthesizing Kongzi, Marx, and Kant.” In Dao Companion to Contemporary Confucian Philosophy, 277–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56475-9_13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56475-9_13
Li, Chenyang. 2023. Reshaping Confucianism: A Progressive Inquiry. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197657621.001.0001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197657621.001.0001
Li, Zehou 李泽厚. 1987. “Manshuo ‘Xi Ti Zhong Yong’ 曼說 ‘西體中用’ (Random Thoughts on ‘Western Learning as Substance, Chinese Learning for Application’).” Kongzi Yanjiu 孔子研究 (Studies on Confucius) 1.
———. 1994. The Path of Beauty: A Study of Chinese Aesthetics. Translated by Gong Lizeng. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
———. 2004. Lunyu Jindu 論語今讀 (Reading the Analects Today). Beijing: Shenghuo, duzhe, xinzhi sanlian shudian 生活 读者 新知 三联书店.
———. 2008. “Zaishuo ‘Xi Ti Zhong Yong’ 再說 ‘西體中用’ (Again on ‘Western Learning as Substance, Chinese Learning as Application’).” Aisixiang (愛思想), November 4, 2008. Accessed June 29, 2020. https://m.aisixiang.com/data/12134.html.
———. 2018. “Preliminary Remarks on the Deep Structures of Confucianism.” In The Origins of Chinese Thought, translated by Robert A. Carleo III, 211–28. Leiden: Brill. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004379626_009
Lin, Min. 1992. “The Search for Modernity: Chinese Intellectual Discourse and Society, 1978–88—The Case of Li Zehou.” The China Quarterly 132 (December): 969–98. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000045501.Liu, Xiaobo. 1994. “A Dialog with Li Zehou—The Sensate, The Individual, My Choice.” Chinese Studies in Philosophy 25 (4): 25–73. https://doi.org/10.2753/csp1097-1467250425. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2753/CSP1097-1467250425
Ma, Xiaolu. 2022. “Building Chinese Reality with Language and Metaphor: From Socialist Realism to Mythorealism.” In The Routledge Companion to Yan Lianke, edited by Riccardo Moratto, and Howard Y. F. Choy, 16–27. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003144564. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003144564-3
Pohl, Karl-Heinz. 2018. “‘Western Learning as Substance, Chinese Learning for Application’: Li Zehou’s Thought on Tradition and Modernity.” In Li Zehou and Confucian Philosophy, edited by Roger T. Ames, and Jianhua Jia, 57–73. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824876104-005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824876104-005
Rošker, Jana. 2015. “Modern Confucianism and Chinese Theories of Modernization.” Philosophy Compass 10 (8): 510–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12241
———. 2020a. Becoming Human: Li Zehou’s Ethics. Leiden, Boston: BRILL.
———. 2020b. “Special Issue Dedicated to Li Zehou on His 90th Birthday—Ethics and the Beauty of Human Becoming.” Asian Studies 8 (1): 7–11. https://doi.org/10.4312/as.2020.8.1.7-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4312/as.2020.8.1.7-11
Shen, Dan, and Xiaoyi Zhou. 2006. “Western Literary Theories in China: Reception, Influence and Resistance.” Comparative Critical Studies 3 (1–2): 139–55. https://doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2006.3.1-2.139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2006.3.1-2.139
Stasavage, David. 2020. The Decline and Rise of Democracy: A Global History from Antiquity to Today. Princeton: Princeton University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691177465.001.0001
Wong, Baldwin. 2019. “A Non‐Sectarian Comprehensive Confucianism?—On Kim’s Public Reason Confucianism.” Journal of Social Philosophy 50 (2): 145–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/josp.12292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/josp.12292
Yan, Lianke 閻連科. 2004. Xunqiu Chaoyuezhuyi de Xianshi —《Shouhuo》houji 寻求超越主义的现实 —《受活》后记 (In Search of Transcendental Realism. Lenin’s Kisses Afterword). Shenyang: Chunfeng wenyi.
———. 2009. Dream of Ding Village. Translated by Cindy Carter. New York: Grove.
———. 2012. Lenin’s Kisses. Translated by Carlos Rojas. New York: Grove.
———. 2016. The Four Books. Translated by Carlos Rojas. New York: Vintage.
———. 2018. The Day The Sun Died. Translated by Carlos Rojas. London: Chatto & Windus.
———. 2018. The Explosion Chronicles. Translated by Carlos Rojas. New York: Vintage.
———. 2021. Hard Like Water. Translated by Carlos Rojas. New York: Grove Press.
———. 2022. Discovering Fiction. Translated by Carlos Rojas. Durham, London: Duke University Press.
Yao, Wenfang 姚文放. 2019. “Wenxue Lilun de Huayu Zhuanxiang Jiqi Zhongguo Wenti 文學理論的話語轉向及其中國問題 (Discursive Shift in Literary Theory and China Issue).” China Writer Networks (中國作家網), June 26, 2019. Accessed November 24, 2022. http://www.chinawriter.com.cn/n1/2019/0626/c419351-31195773.html.
Yu, Keping. 2010. “Westernization” vs. “Sinicization”: An Ineffaceable Paradox Within China’s Modernization Process. Edited by Tian Yu Cao, Xueping Zhong, and Kebin Liao, 153‒95. Translated by Ping Zhu, and Adrian Thieret. Leiden, Boston: Brill. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004175167.i-447.36
Yu, Sanding 餘三定. 2015. “Faxian Dongfang Yu Zai Zhongguohua —— Wenyi Lilun Jia Wang Xuechuan Fangtan 發現東方與再中國化——文藝理論家王岳川訪談 (Discover the East and Resinicize—an Interview with Art and Literature Theoretician Wang Yuechuan).” Zhongguo zuojia wang 中國作家網 (China Writer Networks), February 2, 2015. Accessed November 24, 2022. http://www.chinawriter.com.cn/2015/2015-02-02/232945.html.
Zhang, Longxi. 1992. “Western Theory and Chinese Reality.” Critical Inquiry 19 (1): 105–30. https://doi.org/10.1086/448665. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/448665
Zhang, Zhidong. 2000. “Exhortation to Learning.” In Sources of Chinese Tradition, vol. 2, comp. by Wm. Theodore de Bary, and Richard Lufrano, 244‒49. New York: Columbia University Press.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Piotr MACHAJEK, Martyna ŚWIĄTCZAK-BOROWY
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.