Koreans in Japan: Processes of Community Building in Marginal Places in Kyoto
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4312/as.2014.2.2.89-109Keywords:
zainichi Koreans, machizukuri, marginality, burakumin, local self-governmentAbstract
The article mostly deals with an area on the southeast of Kyoto, which is known to be settled also by the Korean minority. The research based on a few short fieldworks focuses on their struggle to gain access to the resources through the process of community building (machizukuri). The process of machizukuri began under the liberation movement of another marginalized group known as burakumin, who live in the neighbourhood area. The research also looks for the relationship between these two discriminated groups. This article thus challenges the idea that the involvement in the process of community building of one group serves as a know-how for other marginal communities for collaborations with cities and local self-governing establishments.
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References
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Gurung, Ghana S., and Kollmair, Michael. 2005. “Marginality: Concepts and their Limitations.” IP6 Working Paper No. 4. Zurich: University of Zurich, NCCR North-South.
Hicks, George L. 1997. Japan’s Hidden Apartheid: the Korean Minority and the Japanese. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Inadsugi Tadashi 柳井 正. 2002. “Zainichi Kankoku, Chōsenjin no shakai idō 在日韓国、朝鮮人の社会移動 (Social Mobility of Resident Koreans and North Koreans).” In Minzoku kankei ni okeru ketsugō to bunri 民族関係における結合と分離, edited by Tomio Tani 谷 富夫, 559–95. Tōkyō: Minerva.
“Kibonoie Hoikuen 希望の家保育園.” Accessed August 15, 2014. http://www.kyoto-kibounoie-hoikuen.ed.jp/
Kim Donfun, ed. 金東勲. 2002. “Kokusai jinken-hō to zainichi gaikokujin no jinken 国際人権法と在日外国人の人権 (International Human Rights Law and Human Rights of Foreigner Residents).” In Dōwa mondai kenkyū shiryō. Takasegawa wo aruku II – Higashi kujō to zainichi Koriajin 同和問題研究材料・高瀬川を歩くII ––東九条と在日コリア人, 6–32. Kyoto: Ishida taisei sha.
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Kyoto City. 2010. “Outline of the Master Plan of Kyoto City.” Asscessed January, 15. 2014. http://www.city.kyoto.jp/koho/eng/plan/img/english.pdf
Kyoto’s Buraku Liberation League 部落解放同盟 (Buraku Kaihō Dōmei) “Kyōtoshi Buraku no jitsujō o haaku subeki wa darena no ka 京都市部落の実情を把握すべきわ誰のか (Who Should Understand the Actual Situation in the Buraku in the Kyoto City?).” Accessed November 15, 2013. http://www.city.kyoto.lg.jp/bunshi/cmsfiles/contents/0000044/44842/2siryoub.pdf.
Maekawa Osamu 前川修. 1974. “Higashi shichi-jō ni okeru barakku no taisaku to Shinkansen fusetsu 東七条におけるバラックの対策と新幹線敷設 (Countermeasures to Barracs and Construction of Shinkansen in Higashi shichi jo)” Buraku Mondai Kenkyū 部落問題研究 38: 39–61. Accessed October 30, 2013. http://blhrri.org/info/book_guide/kiyou/ronbun/kiyou_0141-02.pdf
Matsunaga, Masaki, and Torigoe, Chie. 2007. “Looking at the Japan-Residing Korean Identities through the Eyes of the “Outsiders Within”: Application and Extension of Co-cultural Theory.” Western Journal of Communication 72(4): 349–73.
McCormack, Noah Y. 2013. Japan’s Outcaste Abolition: The Struggle for National Inclusion and the Making of the Modern State. New York. Routledge.
Minami ku. Asscessed October 10, 2013. http://www.city.kyoto.lg.jp/minami/index.html.
Ministry of Justice 2010. Accessed October 10, 2013. http://www.moj.go.jp/nyuu-kokukanri/kouhou/nyuukantourokusya toukei110603.htm.
Mist, Sigurbjörnsdóttir Kristín. 2012. “Japan’s Forsaken People. Burakumin in Contemporary Society.” Unpublished BA thesis. Accessed October 10, 2013. http://skemman.is/stream/get/1946/10656/26501/1/Krist%C3%ADn_Mist.pdf.
Mizuuchi, Toshio. 2002. “The Historical Transformation of Poverty, Discrimination, and Urban Policy in Japanese City: The Case of Osaka.” Accessed November 12, 2013. http://www.lit.osaka-cu.ac.jp/geo/pdf/frombelow/0308_ frombelow_mizuuchi.pdf.
Neary, Ian J. 2009 (1997). “Burakumin in Contemporary Japan.” In Japan’s Minorities. The Illusion of Homogeneity, edited by Michael Weiner, 59–83. New York: Routledge.
Okano, Kaori. 1997. “Third-Generation Koreans’ Entry into the Workforce in Japan.” Anthropology & Education Quarterly 28(4): 524–49.
Ruyle, Eugene E. 1979. “Conflicting Japanese Interpretations of the Outcaste Problem (Buraku mondai).” American Ethnologist 6(1), Feb.: 55–72. Accessed April 4, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/643384.
Ryang, Sonia, ed. 2005 (2000). “Introduction: Resident Koreans in Japan.” In Koreans in Japan. Critical Voices from the Margin, 1–12. London and New York: Routledge Curzon.
Shimogyō-ku. Accessed January 15, 2014. http://www.city.kyoto.lg.jp/shimogyo/.
Sorensen, André. 2002. The Making of Urban Japan Cities and Planning from Edo to the Twenty-first Century. London and New York: Routledge.
Sorensen, André, and Funck, Carolin, eds. 2007. “Living Cities in Japan.” In Living Cities in Japan: Citizens’ Movement, machizukuri and Local Environments, 1–36. London and New York: Nissan Institute and Routledge.
Tai, Eika. 2006. “Korean Japanese.” Critical Asian Studies 36(3): 355–82. Accessed October 25, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1467271042000241586 .
Visočnik, Nataša. 2013. “Self- and Other- Representations of the Korean Minority in Japan.” Dve Domovini/Two Homelands 37: 113–22.
–––. 2014. “Living on the Edge: Buraku in Kyoto, Japan.” Anthropological Notebooks 20(2): 127–43.
Weiner, Michael, ed. 2009 (1997). “‘Self’ and ‘Other’ in Imperial Japan.” In Japan’s Minorities. The Illusion of Homogeneity, 1–20. New York: Routledge.
Yamamoto Tetsuji 山本哲司. 2009. “Hisabetsu buraku ni okeru ‘Hisabetsu hyōshō’ to machizukuri no kadai. Seikatsushi no kikitori kara 被差別部落におけるく被差別の表象〉とまちづくりの課題一生活史の聞き取りから (‘Discriminated Representations’ and the Challenges of Community Building in Discriminated Buraku).”Ryukoku Kiyō 龍谷紀要 30(2): 37–54. Accessed December 15, 2013. http://repo.lib.ryukoku.ac.jp/jspui/bitstream/10519/741/1/r-ky_030_02_005.pdf.
Buraku Liberation League. “Buraku mondai to wa? 部落問題とは？ (What is the Buraku Problem?)” Accessed November 15, 2013. http://www.bll.gr.jp/kaisetu.html.
Chapman, David. 2008. Zainichi Korean Identity and Ethnicity. London and New York: Routledge.
Chin Taiichi 陳太一. 2013. “Kyōsei, Kyōdō no matsuri Higashi Kujō Madan. Nihon-seki chōsenjin toshite no kakawari 共生・協働のまつり京都マダン––日本籍朝鮮人としての関わり (Festival of Coexistence and Cooperation – Higashi Kujō Madan. Connections of Japanese Koreans).” In Tabunka shakai wo ikiru 多文化社会を生きる, edited by Kyōto shi chiiki, 21–38. Kyōto: Kyōto shi chiiki, Tabunka kōryū netto waaku saron.
Fukuoka, Yasunari. 2000. Life of Young Koreans in Japan. Translated by Tom Gill. Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press.
Fukuoka, Yasunari, and Tsujiyama, Yukiko 福岡安則, 辻山ゆき子. 1991. Dōka to ika no hazama de – “Zainichi” wakamono sedai no aidenteitei kattō 同化と異化のはざまで ―在日若者のアイデンティティー葛藤 (Assimilation versus Dissimilation: Identity Conflict among Young Koreans in Japan.) Tōkyō: Shinkansha.
Gurung, Ghana S., and Kollmair, Michael. 2005. “Marginality: Concepts and their Limitations.” IP6 Working Paper No. 4. Zurich: University of Zurich, NCCR North-South.
Hicks, George L. 1997. Japan’s Hidden Apartheid: the Korean Minority and the Japanese. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Inadsugi Tadashi 柳井 正. 2002. “Zainichi Kankoku, Chōsenjin no shakai idō 在日韓国、朝鮮人の社会移動 (Social Mobility of Resident Koreans and North Koreans).” In Minzoku kankei ni okeru ketsugō to bunri 民族関係における結合と分離, edited by Tomio Tani 谷 富夫, 559–95. Tōkyō: Minerva.
“Kibonoie Hoikuen 希望の家保育園.” Accessed August 15, 2014. http://www.kyoto-kibounoie-hoikuen.ed.jp/
Kim Donfun, ed. 金東勲. 2002. “Kokusai jinken-hō to zainichi gaikokujin no jinken 国際人権法と在日外国人の人権 (International Human Rights Law and Human Rights of Foreigner Residents).” In Dōwa mondai kenkyū shiryō. Takasegawa wo aruku II – Higashi kujō to zainichi Koriajin 同和問題研究材料・高瀬川を歩くII ––東九条と在日コリア人, 6–32. Kyoto: Ishida taisei sha.
Kim Kwangmin 金光敏. 2013. “Tabunka kyōsei kyōiku – Kibō no ie katolikku kyōikuen no torikumi 多文化共生教育––希望の家カトリック教育園の取り組み (Multicultural Education: Efforts of House of Hope Kindergarden).” In Tabunka shakai wo ikiru 多文化社会を生きる, edited by 京都市地域 Kyōto shi chiiki, 2–20. Kyōto: Kyōto si chiiki, Tabunka kōryū netto wa-ku saron.
Kyoto City. 2010. “Outline of the Master Plan of Kyoto City.” Asscessed January, 15. 2014. http://www.city.kyoto.jp/koho/eng/plan/img/english.pdf
Kyoto’s Buraku Liberation League 部落解放同盟 (Buraku Kaihō Dōmei) “Kyōtoshi Buraku no jitsujō o haaku subeki wa darena no ka 京都市部落の実情を把握すべきわ誰のか (Who Should Understand the Actual Situation in the Buraku in the Kyoto City?).” Accessed November 15, 2013. http://www.city.kyoto.lg.jp/bunshi/cmsfiles/contents/0000044/44842/2siryoub.pdf.
Maekawa Osamu 前川修. 1974. “Higashi shichi-jō ni okeru barakku no taisaku to Shinkansen fusetsu 東七条におけるバラックの対策と新幹線敷設 (Countermeasures to Barracs and Construction of Shinkansen in Higashi shichi jo)” Buraku Mondai Kenkyū 部落問題研究 38: 39–61. Accessed October 30, 2013. http://blhrri.org/info/book_guide/kiyou/ronbun/kiyou_0141-02.pdf
Matsunaga, Masaki, and Torigoe, Chie. 2007. “Looking at the Japan-Residing Korean Identities through the Eyes of the “Outsiders Within”: Application and Extension of Co-cultural Theory.” Western Journal of Communication 72(4): 349–73.
McCormack, Noah Y. 2013. Japan’s Outcaste Abolition: The Struggle for National Inclusion and the Making of the Modern State. New York. Routledge.
Minami ku. Asscessed October 10, 2013. http://www.city.kyoto.lg.jp/minami/index.html.
Ministry of Justice 2010. Accessed October 10, 2013. http://www.moj.go.jp/nyuu-kokukanri/kouhou/nyuukantourokusya toukei110603.htm.
Mist, Sigurbjörnsdóttir Kristín. 2012. “Japan’s Forsaken People. Burakumin in Contemporary Society.” Unpublished BA thesis. Accessed October 10, 2013. http://skemman.is/stream/get/1946/10656/26501/1/Krist%C3%ADn_Mist.pdf.
Mizuuchi, Toshio. 2002. “The Historical Transformation of Poverty, Discrimination, and Urban Policy in Japanese City: The Case of Osaka.” Accessed November 12, 2013. http://www.lit.osaka-cu.ac.jp/geo/pdf/frombelow/0308_ frombelow_mizuuchi.pdf.
Neary, Ian J. 2009 (1997). “Burakumin in Contemporary Japan.” In Japan’s Minorities. The Illusion of Homogeneity, edited by Michael Weiner, 59–83. New York: Routledge.
Okano, Kaori. 1997. “Third-Generation Koreans’ Entry into the Workforce in Japan.” Anthropology & Education Quarterly 28(4): 524–49.
Ruyle, Eugene E. 1979. “Conflicting Japanese Interpretations of the Outcaste Problem (Buraku mondai).” American Ethnologist 6(1), Feb.: 55–72. Accessed April 4, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/643384.
Ryang, Sonia, ed. 2005 (2000). “Introduction: Resident Koreans in Japan.” In Koreans in Japan. Critical Voices from the Margin, 1–12. London and New York: Routledge Curzon.
Shimogyō-ku. Accessed January 15, 2014. http://www.city.kyoto.lg.jp/shimogyo/.
Sorensen, André. 2002. The Making of Urban Japan Cities and Planning from Edo to the Twenty-first Century. London and New York: Routledge.
Sorensen, André, and Funck, Carolin, eds. 2007. “Living Cities in Japan.” In Living Cities in Japan: Citizens’ Movement, machizukuri and Local Environments, 1–36. London and New York: Nissan Institute and Routledge.
Tai, Eika. 2006. “Korean Japanese.” Critical Asian Studies 36(3): 355–82. Accessed October 25, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1467271042000241586 .
Visočnik, Nataša. 2013. “Self- and Other- Representations of the Korean Minority in Japan.” Dve Domovini/Two Homelands 37: 113–22.
–––. 2014. “Living on the Edge: Buraku in Kyoto, Japan.” Anthropological Notebooks 20(2): 127–43.
Weiner, Michael, ed. 2009 (1997). “‘Self’ and ‘Other’ in Imperial Japan.” In Japan’s Minorities. The Illusion of Homogeneity, 1–20. New York: Routledge.
Yamamoto Tetsuji 山本哲司. 2009. “Hisabetsu buraku ni okeru ‘Hisabetsu hyōshō’ to machizukuri no kadai. Seikatsushi no kikitori kara 被差別部落におけるく被差別の表象〉とまちづくりの課題一生活史の聞き取りから (‘Discriminated Representations’ and the Challenges of Community Building in Discriminated Buraku).”Ryukoku Kiyō 龍谷紀要 30(2): 37–54. Accessed December 15, 2013. http://repo.lib.ryukoku.ac.jp/jspui/bitstream/10519/741/1/r-ky_030_02_005.pdf.
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Published
31.12.2014
How to Cite
VISOČNIK, N. (2014). Koreans in Japan: Processes of Community Building in Marginal Places in Kyoto. Asian Studies, 2(2), 89–109. https://doi.org/10.4312/as.2014.2.2.89-109
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Korea and Japan: a Precarious Relationship
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