Ferdinand Augustin Hallerstein on Giuseppe Castiglione`s Art
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4312/as.2015.3.2.33-56Keywords:
Ferdinand Augustin Hallerstein, Giuseppe Castiglione, Jesuit missionaries, astronomer, art, lettersAbstract
Ferdinand Augustin Hallerstein (1703–1774) (Chinese name Liu Songling) was a Slovenian Jesuit, astronomer and mathematician who made an important contribution to the development of science and astronomy in 18th century China. He arrived in Beijing in 1739, and in 1746 was appointed to succeed Ignatius Kogler as Head of the Imperial Board of Astronomy, a position he would hold until his own death nearly 30 years later. Throughout his four decades in China, Hallerstein maintained a rich correspondence with family members, other Jesuits in Europe, and even with the Queen of Portugal, Maria Anna. He was also a corresponding member of the Royal Societies of London, Paris and St. Petersburg. His letters have only recently been collected and edited.
The present paper will focus on Hallerstein’s letters and what they tell us about the life and art of the celebrated Jesuit painter, Giuseppe Castiglione (1688–766), especially during the reign of the Emperor Qianlong (1711–799). After a brief introduction on Hallerstein’s life and work, by means of comparative analyses and using an interdisciplinary approach, the paper will explore a) Hallerstein’s views on Castiglione and his art, and b) Chinese court painting and Castiglione’s position at the court. It will conclude with new evidence concerning Castiglione’s artistic achievements.
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References
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–––. 2009. “The Last Great Astronomer in the Chinese Court: Augustin Hallerstein.” In A. Hallerstein – Liu Songling: The Multicultural Legacy of Jesuit Wisdom and Piety at the Qing Dynasty Court, edited by Mitja Saje, 51–115. Maribor: Association for Culture and Education Kibla; Ljubljana: Arhiv Republike Slovenije.
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Wu, Hung. 1995. “Emperor’s Masquerade - 'Costume Portraits' of Yongzheng and Qianlong.” Orientations 26 (7): 25–41.
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Keller, Franz, ed. 1755. Der Neue Welt-Bott. Book IV, Part XXX. Vienna.
––––. ed. 1758. Der Neue Welt-Bott. Book IV, Part XXXIV. Vienna.
Hribar, Viljem Marjan, ed. 2003. Mandarin: Hallerstein, Kranjec na kitajskem dvoru. Radovljica: Didakta.
Ju Deyuan 鞠德源. 1985. “Qing Qintianjian jianzheng Liu Songling – jinian Nansilafu tianwen xuejia Liu Songling shishi erbai yishi zhounian 清钦 天监监正刘松龄—纪念南斯拉夫天文学家刘松龄逝世二百一十周年.” Gugong bowuyuan yuankan 故宮博物院院刊 1: 53–62.
–––. 2009. “Liu Songling, Head of the Imperial Board of Astronomy in the Qing Dynasty: to Mark the 270th Anniversary of the Slovenian Hallerstein’s Coming to China as an Astronomer.” In A. Hallerstein – Liu Songling: The Multicultural Legacy of Jesuit Wisdom and Piety at the Qing Dynasty Court, edited by Mitja Saje, 161–205. Maribor: Association for Culture and Education Kibla; Ljubljana: Arhiv Republike Slovenije.
Južnič, Stanislav. 2003. Kitajski astronom iz Mengša. Ljubljana: Tehniška založba.
–––. 2009. “Vacuum and Electricity for the Chinese Emperor.” In A. Hallerstein – Liu Songling: The Multicultural Legacy of Jesuit Wisdom and Piety at the Qing Dynasty Court, edited by Mitja Saje, 209–35. Maribor: Association for Culture and Education Kibla; Ljubljana: Arhiv Republike Slovenije.
–––. 2012. “Building a Bridge Between the Observatories of Petersburg and Beijing: A Study on the Jesuit Avguštin Hallerstein from Present-day Slovenia, Celebrating the 310th Anniversary of his Birth.” Monumenta Serica 60: 309–406.
Kovačič, Lojze. 2003. “Jezuitski misionarji 17. in 18. stoletja med soglasjem z Rimom ter suverenostjo kitajskega cesarja.” In Mandarin: Hallerstein, Kranjec na kitajskem dvoru, edited by Viljem Marjan Hribar, 85–103. Radovljica: Didakta.
Maver, Aleš. 2009. “A Word on Hallerstein’s Letters.” In A. Hallerstein – Liu Songling: The Multicultural Legacy of Jesuit Wisdom and Piety at the Qing Dynasty Court, edited by Mitja Saje, 209–35. Maribor: Association for Culture and Education Kibla; Ljubljana: Arhiv Republike Slovenije.
Musillo, Marco. 2008. “Reconciling Two Careers: The Jesuit Memoir of Giuseppe Castiglione Lay Brother and Qing Imperial Painter.” Eighteenth-Century Studies 42 (1): 45–59.
Pray, György. 1781. Imposturae a.CCXVIII in dissertatione R.P.Benedicti Cetto, Clerici Regularis a Scholis Piis de Sinensium Imposturisdetectae et convulsae. Budae.
Rodrigues, Francisco. 1925. Jesuitas Portugueses Astronomos na China 1583–1805. Porto.
Saje, Mitja, ed. 2009a. A. Hallerstein - Liu Songling: The Multicultural Legacy of Jesuit Wisdom and Piety at the Qing Dynasty Court. Maribor: Association for Culture and Education Kibla; Ljubljana: Arhiv Republike Slovenije.
–––, ed. 2009b. “Rediscovering Augustin Hallerstein and his Work in Beijing.” In A. Hallerstein – Liu Songling: The Multicultural Legacy of Jesuit Wisdom and Piety at the Qing Dynasty Court, 209–35. Maribor: Association for Culture and Education Kibla; Ljubljana: Arhiv Republike Slovenije.
–––, ed. 2015. Siluowenniya zai Zhongguo de wenhua shizhe – Liu Songling (斯洛文尼亚在中国的文化使者–刘松龄). Zhu Xiaoke 朱晓珂 and Chu Longfei 褚龙飞 (trans.). Zhengzhou: Daxiang chuban she.
Sullivan, Michael. 1989. The Meeting of Eastern and Western Art. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.
Šmitek, Zmago. 1986. Klic daljnih svetov. Radovljica: Didakta.
–––. 1995. Srečevanja z drugačnostjo: slovenska izkustva eksotike. Radovljica: Didakta.
–––. 2009. “The Last Great Astronomer in the Chinese Court: Augustin Hallerstein.” In A. Hallerstein – Liu Songling: The Multicultural Legacy of Jesuit Wisdom and Piety at the Qing Dynasty Court, edited by Mitja Saje, 51–115. Maribor: Association for Culture and Education Kibla; Ljubljana: Arhiv Republike Slovenije.
Urbanija, Marko. 2003. “Osnutek bibliografije Ferdinanda Avguština Hallerstein.” In Mandarin: Hallerstein, Kranjec na kitajskem dvoru, edited by Viljem Marjan Hribar, 283–5. Radovljica: Didakta.
Wu, Hung. 1995. “Emperor’s Masquerade - 'Costume Portraits' of Yongzheng and Qianlong.” Orientations 26 (7): 25–41.
Yang, Boda. 1988. “Castiglione at the Qing Court: An Important Artistic Contribution.” Orientations 19 (11): 44–51.
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Published
30.12.2015
How to Cite
VAMPELJ SUHADOLNIK, N. (2015). Ferdinand Augustin Hallerstein on Giuseppe Castiglione`s Art. Asian Studies, 3(2), 33–56. https://doi.org/10.4312/as.2015.3.2.33-56
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New Insights into the Life, Work, and Letters of Hallerstein
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