The Military Campaigning Season in the Middle Ages
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4312/keria.23.2.49-65Keywords:
medieval warfare, war campaigns, year cycleAbstract
The paper presents the campaigning season in the Middle Ages. Within a thousand-year span, it focuses on the period between the 11th and 15th centuries and on the territory of the feudal and Christian Western and Central Europe. The introductory part presents the relevant literature, foregrounding modern shifts in the perception of medieval campaigns. The central part seeks to answer a question which primarily concerns military history and is interwoven with the environmental and social history of the Middle Ages: during which part of the year did the medieval campaigns take place? In this context we show a direct connection between campaigns and natural changes throughout the year, with reference to farming chores and religious festivals. The concluding chapter presents the share of the conflicts in winter, based on the statistics of medieval battles provided by two historians. The conclusions of the statistical comparison are supported by examples of winter campaigns dating back to the (late) Middle Ages.
Downloads
References
Ačko Kocjan, Darja. Poljščine. Ljubljana: Kmečki glas, 2015.
Agoston, Gabor. »Where Environmental and Frontier Studies Meet: Rivers, Forests, Marshes and Forts along the Ottoman–Hapsburg Frontier in Hungary.« V: The Frontiers of the Ottoman World, ur. Andrew Peacock, 57–79. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Berčič, Branko. »Škofjeloška mesečna imena.« Loški razgledi 13.1 (1966): 143–44.
Blaznik, Pavle, Bogo Grafenauer in Sergij Vilfan. Gospodarska in družbena zgodovina Slovencev: Zgodovina agrarnih panog. 1. zvezek. Ljubljana: Državna založba Slovenije, 1970
Campbell, Bruce M. S.. The Great Transition: Climate, Disease and Society in the Late-Medieval World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.
Contamine, Philippe. War in the Middle Ages. Prevod Michael Jones. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996.
Delbrück, Hans. Medieval Warfare History of the Art of War. Volume III. Prevod Walter J. Renfroe Jr. Lincoln. London: University of Nebraska Press, 1990.
DeVries, Kelly. A Cumulative Bibliography of Medieval Military History and Technology. Boston, Köln in Leiden: Brill, 2002.
Dolar, Jaro. »Koledar«. V: Enciklopedija Slovenije, ur. Dušan Voglar et al., zv. 5: Kari – Krei. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, SAZU, 1997–2002.
Duby, Georges. Trije redi ali imaginarij fevdalizma. Prevod Gregor Moder. Ljubljana: ŠKUC, Filozofska fakulteta, 1985.
France, John. Western Warfare in the Age of the Crusades. London: UCL Press, 1999.
Harari, Yuval Noah. »Strategy and Supply in Fourteenth-Century Western European Invasion Campaigns.« Journal of Military History 64 (2000): 297–333.
Hoffmann, Richard. An Environmental History of Medieval Europe. Cambdrige: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and Sieges A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity through the Twenty-first Century. 3 zvezki. Connecticut in London: Greenwood press, 2007.
Keen, Maurice. Chivalry. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1984.
Korošec, Tomo, Marjan Fekonja, Alojz Jehart, Franc Pečelin, Miroslav Ulčar, Anton Žabkar in Zoran Dernovšek. Vojaški slovar. Predelana in dopolnjena izdaja. Ljubljana: Ministrstvo za obrambo, 2002.
Kosi, Miha. Potujoči srednji vek. Ljubljana: ZRC SAZU, Založba ZRC, 1998.
Lazar, Tomaž. Vojaška zgodovina slovenskega ozemlja od 13. do 15. stoletja. Doktorska disertacija. Univerza v Ljubljani, 2009.
Le Goff, Jacques. Srednjovekovna civilizacija zapadne Evrope. Prevod Dobrila Stošić. Beograd: Jugoslavija, 1974. (La civilisation de l‘Occident médiéval. Paris: Arthaud, 1964.)
Lovenjak, Milan, prev. in ur. Dejanja Frankov in drugih na poti v Jeruzalem. Ljubljana: Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete, 2019.
Maurice, H. Keen. Chivalry. New Heavens, London: University Press, 1990.
Ray, Michael. »Total War.« V: Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/topic/total-war (obiskano 1. maja 2021).
Smolik, Marijan. »Škofjeloški rokopis«. V: Enciklopedija Slovenije, ur. Dušan Voglar et al., zv. 13: Š–T. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, SAZU, 1997–2002.
Stabej, Jože. »Ob petstoletnici škofjeloškega zapisa slovenskih imen za mesece.« Loški razgledi 13.1 (1966): 72–86.
Steska, Viktor. »Radovljiška matrikula iz l. 1468.« Glasnik Muzejskega društva za Slovenijo 2–3, zv. 1–4 (1923): 23–38.
Štih, Peter, Vasko Simoniti in Peter Vodopivec. Slovenska zgodovina. 1. zvezek. Ljubljana: Modrijan, 2016.
Uttridge, Sarah in Michael Spilling. Encyclopedia Of Warfare: Medieval Wars 500–1500. London: Amber, 2013.
Verbruggen, J. F. The Art of Warfare in Western Europe During the Middle Ages From the Eight Century to 1340. Prevod Sumner Willard in R. W. Southern. Suffolk: Boydell Press, 1997.
Vuk, Pavel. »Razumevanje transformacije vojne v 21. stoletju«. Teorija in praksa 55.1 (2018): 60–79.
Zorec, Marjeta. Slovenska pratika. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, 2006.
Zwitter Žiga. Vpliv male ledene dobe na agrarno poselitev na ozemlju današnje Slovenije: na primeru izbranih območij v Zgornji Savinjski dolini. Diplomsko delo. Univerza v Ljubljani, 2010.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Matevž Gradišnik
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
