The structure of the man and women Competition performance of the Second jump on the small jumping hill At the Olympic Games, Beijing 2022

Bojan Jošt; Janez Vodičar; Janez Pustovrh

doi:10.52165/kinsi.30.3.31-44

Authors

Bojan Jošt University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Sport
Janez Vodičar University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Sport
Janez Pustovrh University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Sport

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.30.3.31-44

Keywords:

Ski jumping, Competitive performance, Winter Olympic Games 2022

Abstract

The purpose of the research study was to determine the structure of the competitive performance variables of male and female ski jumpers who participated in the second series of the competition on the smaller HS106m ski jumping hill at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. The dependent criterion variable was the length of the jump. The following independent variables were included: in-run velocity, flight velocity at a point 30 m after the end of the take-off table, velocity of movement of the jumper at landing, V-angle between the skis at a point 30 m after the end of the take-off table and wind speed. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and factor analysis were used to analyze the data. Differences in the dependent criterion variable (jump length) were much higher in women (M = 85 m, SD = 8.3 m) than in men (M = 98 m, SD = 3.9 m). At a fairly similar in-run velocity, men achieved an average of 13 m longer final jump than women. A statistically significant correlation between jump length and wind speed was observed in males (r = .42). In females, the variables in-run velocity (r = .59) and landing speed (r = .59) were significantly corelated with jump length. The multiple correlation showed a much higher correlation of independent variables in women (Mult R = .78; Sig R = 0.00) than in men (Mult R = .54; Sig R = 0.23). The overall competitive performance factor for men and women was largely determined by the jump length and style scores variables. The wind speed factor was completely independent of the other independent variables. The research showed a significant difference in the average quality level of competitive performance in male and female category. In particular, women had a much higher variability in competitive performance than men. The results of the survey confirmed that for a top achievement, in addition to the length of the jump, the score for style is also important. Based on this important knowledge for practice, coaches should pay more attention to the development of the aesthetic component of ski jumping technique.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Janura, M., Cabell, l., Svoboda, Z., Elfmark, M., & Zahalka, F. (2011). Kinematic Analysis of the Take-off and Start of the Early Flight Phase on a Large Hill (HS-134m) during the Nordic world ski championships. Journal of Human Kinetics, 27, 5–16. DOI: 10.2478/v10078-011-0001-5

Jošt, B. (2009). Teorija in metodika smučarskih skokov [Theory and Methods of Ski Jumping]. Ljubljana: Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za šport.

Jošt, B., Vaverka, F., Kugovnik, O., & Čoh, M. (1998). Differences in Selected Kinematic Flight Parameters of the Most and the Least Successful Ski Jumpers of the 1996 World Cup Competition in Innsbruck. Biology of sport, 15(4), 245–251.

Jošt, B., Čoh, M., Pustovrh, J., & Ulaga, M. (1999). Analysis of the Selected Kinematic Variables of the Take-off in Ski Jumps in the Finals of the World Cup at Planica 1999. Kinesiologia Slovenica, 5(1–2), 17–25. https://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:doc-DCVRE5ZV

Jošt, B., Čoh, M., & Vodičar, J. (2013). Design of a Skiflying Hill with the Profile HS300m. Hamburg: Verlag Dr. Kovač.

Jošt, B., Čoh, M., Čuk, I., & Vodičar, J. (2016). Expert Modelling of Athlete Sport Performance Systems. Hamburg: Verlag Dr. Kovač.

Jošt, B., & Vodičar, J. (2019). Development of the Ski jump Hill Profile from the Viewpoint of Ski Jumping Technique. Hamburg: Verlag Dr. Kovač.

Jošt, B., Supej, M., & Vodičar, J. (2022). Developing Take-off Power in Ski Jumping. Hamburg: Verlag Dr. Kovač.

Mahnke, R., & Mross, H. (1992). Windkanaluntersuchungen, Ergebniszusammenstellung (Kurzauswertung) [Wind tunnel investigations, result compilation (brief evaluation)]. Dresden/Klotzsche 18.-22.05.1992.Marqués-Bruna, P., & Grimshaw, P. (2009). Mechanics of Flight in Ski Jumping: Aerodynamic Stability in Pitch. Sports Technology, 2(1-2), 24–31. https://doi.org/10.1002/jst.84

Müller, W. (2008). Performance factors in ski jumping. In H. Nørstrud (Ed.), Sport Aerodynamics. CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, vol 506 (pp.139-160). Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89297-8_8

Norstrud, H., & Ǿye, I.J. (2009). On CFD Simulation of Ski Jumping. In M. Peters (Ed.), Computational Fluid Dynamics for Sport Simulation. Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering, vol. 72. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04466-3_3

Oggiano, L., & Saetran, L. (2008). Effects of Body Weight on Ski Jumping Performances under the New FIS Rules (P3). The Engineering of Sport 7(1), 1–9. DOI:10.1007/978-2-287-09411-8_1

Schmölzer, B., & Müller W. (2005). Individual Flight Styles in Ski Jumping: Results Obtained during Olympic Games Competitions. Journal of Biomechanics, 38(5), 1055–1065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.05.038

Seo, K., Murakami, M., & Yoshida, K. (2004). Optimal Flight Technique for V-style Ski Jumping. Sports Engineering, 7(2), 97–103. DOI:10.1007/BF02915921

Vaverka, F. (1987). Biomechanika skoku na lyžich [Biomechanics of ski jumping]. Olomouc: Univerzita Palackeho.

Virmavirta, M., Isolehtoa, J., Komi, P., Brüggemann, G.P., Müller, E., & Schwameder, H. (2005). Characteristics of the Early Flight Phase in the Olympic Ski Jumping Competition. Journal of Biomechanics, 38(11), 2157–2163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.10.004

Virmavirta, M., & Kivekäs, J. (2012). The Effect of Wind on Jumping Distance in Ski jumping – Fairness Assessed. Sport Biomechanics, 11(3), 358-369. DOI:10.1080/14763141.2011.637119.

Virmavirta, M., & Kivekäs, J. (2019). Aerodynamics of an Isolated Ski Jumping Ski. Sport Engineering, 22(8), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12283-019-0298-1.

Virmavirta, M., & Kivekäs, J. (2022). The Effect of Wind on Jumping Distance in Ski Jumping depends on Jumpers’ Aerodynamic Characteristics. Journal of Biomechanics, 137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111101.

Vodičar, J., & Jošt, B. (2011). The Relationship between Selected Kinematic Parameters and Length of Jumps of the Ski-Flying Competition. Kinesiology, 43(1), 74–81. https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/103787

Vodičar, J., & Jošt, B. (2017). Reliability and Validity of the Ski jumping Technique Factors. Hamburg: Verlag Dr. Kovač.