VEČRAZSEŽNOSTNI PRIKAZI NARAVNE IN KULTURNE DEDIŠČINE V PROJEKTU DEDI

Povzetek

IZVLEČEK

V okviru projekta Digitalne enciklopedije naravne in kulturne dediščine na Slovenskem, DEDI II, je bil prikaz digitalnih vsebin običajnih formatov (tekst, video, zvočni zapis in fotografija) obogaten z geografsko informacijo, ki je hkrati prikazana dvo- in/ali trirazsežnostno, lahko pa tudi štirirazsežnostno s časovno komponento. 4D modeli prikazujejo 3D modele objektov v času, kar pomeni, da lahko simuliramo pretekla, sedanja in prihodnja stanja objektov, njihovo spreminjanje, rast, upadanje ali nihanja. 3D in 4D modeli povečajo nazornost, plastičnost in privlačnost prikaza objektov laičnim uporabnikom, s tem pa se poveča zanimanje za enciklopedijo. V prispevku sta podrobneje predstavljena 4D simulacija rasti mesta Ljubljane in virtualna rekonstrukcija kabineta Žige Zoisa. Za Ljubljano je narejena 4D simulacija rasti mesta na osnovi zgodovinskih in sodobnih virov, tj. 3D prostorski prikaz s časovno komponento. Kot vir so uporabljeni stari načrti Ljubljane, digitalni model reliefa, državne topografske karte in sodobni mestni načrti ter podatki katastra stavb. Stavbe so prikazane tridimenzionalno na modelu reliefa, ki je za vsako dobo razvoja mesta prekrit s karto tistega obdobja. Rast mesta je dvodimenzionalno dinamično prikazana tudi na karti s prikazom naraščanja števila tlorisnih prikazov stavb in z izohronami rasti mesta. Za Zoisovo palačo je izdelan 3D prikaz skenirane zunanjosti ter del notranjosti hiše z virtualno rekonstrukcijo njegovega kabineta, v katerega je umeščena zbirka mineralov. Nekaj primerkov iz zbirke je tudi 3D skeniranih, prav tako je digitaliziranih nekaj del iz Zoisove pisne zapuščine.

EXTENDED ABSTRACT:

DEDI stands for the Digital Encyclopaedia of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Slovenia which was a result of two prototype research and development projects DEDI and DEDI II in the period between 2008 and 2010. The two projects were co-financed by the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology and the European Regional Development Fund in the frame of research and development projects e-content and e-services. DEDI is the first attempt of multimediarich digital representation of Slovenian natural and cultural heritage on a common web site offering verifiable, qualitative and complex content to a wide range of general public. Digital content (text, video records, audio records, photographs) is enriched by 2-dimensional and/or 3-dimensional visualisation of geographical data or even by 4-dimensional models with time component. 4D models combine 3D models with the time dimension. Thus it is possible to simulate the past, the current and the future condition of natural and cultural heritage objects, their changes, growth, deterioration or oscillation. 3D and 4D models are more explanatory, plastic and attractive to the unprofessional public thus increasing the interest in the digital encyclopaedia. Technological solutions for the project were developed by the consortium partners in the field of web technologies who succeeded to locate all immovable natural and cultural heritage objects. The Google Maps web platform is normally used for 2D representations but it is often too complex to represent a large amount of data. In order to meet the needs of the digital encyclopaedia data need to be structured and linked which is one of the main advantages of Geopedia, an interactive atlas which enables active user participation in adding and editing information on Slovenia. A 3D visualisation tool Gaea+ is used for real time visualisation of 3D models offering user-friendly presentation of any geospatial information and an interactive walk-through allowing users to move in 3D space. Many advanced DEDI files (dynamic multimedia representations or dediteka) of some natural and cultural objects of national importance were created. An advanced dediteka combines several object representations into interactive non-linear stories and upgrade them in various ways. The advanced dediteka “The story of Martin Krpan and his age” is a digitised story of Martin Krpan written in 1858 by Fran Levstik enriched by the audio record. The user can read a story and listen to the Slovenian language of the Levstik’s time. Two main digitisation criteria of equal importance were used for the selection of natural and cultural heritage objects: geographical area and the content value. The article describes a 4D simulation of the urban growth of Ljubljana and the virtual reconstruction of the Žiga Zois study room. 4D simulation of the growth of Ljubljana is based on historical and contemporary sources, i.e. 3D visualisation with time component. It is based on old city plans, digitised terrain model, national topographic maps, contemporary city plan and cadastre. 3D terrain models of buildings are enriched by a city plan of a specific period of time. The historical growth of the city is represented by a 2D dynamic map with floor plans and isochrones.3D scanned exterior of the Žiga Zois Mansion is represented as well as a part of the interior with the virtual reconstruction of his study room where the collection of minerals was kept. Some specimens are 3D scanned. A few items of his literary opus are digitised, too.