Zum Typus des ossetischen Kasussystems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.33.1.201-208Keywords:
Zum Typus des ossetischen KasussystemsAbstract
Altiranisch ist das altindogermanische Kasussystem weitgehend erhalten geblieben; im Singular (Sg.) der avestischen (av.) Nominaldeklination werden noch die acht Kasus Nominativ, Akkusativ, Genetiv, Dativ, Ablativ, Lokativ, Instrumenta! und Vokativ unterschieden; z.B. o-Stamm ahura- 'Gott': ahuri5, ahuram, ahurahyii., ahurai usw.; im Altpersischen ist dieses System durch den Zusammenfall von Dativ und Genetiv um einen Kasus reduziert worden. Auch in der typologischen Anordnung der Morpheme hat das Altiranische den aus dem Indogermanischen (idg.) ererbten Status einer flektierenden Sprache bewahrt. Es ist charakterisiert durch Merkmale wie die Differenzierung von rrwnothematischer und heteroklitischer Deklination2 (vgl. Stamm vs. r/n-Stamm: av. ahura- vs. hvarǝ 'Sonne', Genetiv xvǝng), Caland-Wackernagelschen Suffixwechsel (av. dǝrǝz-ra- 'fest' : dǝrǝz-i-ra0a- 'festen Wagen habend') 3, Ablaut (av. dātā 'Geber', Genetiv dāvro), Formvariation4 (aav. Genetiv Sg. ahura-hyā vs. dāvr-ō) oder Autonomie des Wortes.
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