Toharski enklitični osebni zaimek B -me, A –m in njegov izvor
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.14.1.27-37Keywords:
Toharski enklitični osebni zaimek B -me, A –m in njegov izvorAbstract
Ena od posebnosti toharskega zaimkovnega sistema je, da poseduje ta jezik enklitično rabljeni B -me, A -m za vse tri osebe množine enako: = »nam, nas«, »vam, vas«, »njim, nje«. Po mnenju pisca gre tu za prvotne polnopoudarjene osebne zaimke, ki so se deloma po redni glasovni poti, deloma po glasovni redukciji, značilni za enklizo, v toharščini tako močno obrusili, da je od vsakega ostalo samo to, kar je bilo pravkar omenjeno: l. os. mn. ievr. poudarjeno *n smé- = toh. -me/-m; 2. os. mn.: ievr. poudarjeno *usmé- = toh. -me/-m; 3. os. mn.: ievr. poudarjeno *s-mós = toh. -me/-m. V 2. in 3. os. poseduje tudi hetitščina enklit. -šmaš, ki je vsakokrat istega izvora kot toh. -me/-m: v 2. os. < ''usmé, v 3. os. < •s-mós. Tretjeosebni •s-mós je toh.-het. izoglosa, nastala z m-ovsko končnico za dat. mn. *-mos (podobno v bsl.) na osnovi konsonantno oblikovanega debla zaimka za 3. os. edn. in mn. (ievr. *se/o- in samo *s-). Po tem *smós se je očitno v het. tako kot toh. oblikovala tudi 2. os.: '''usmós; enako za toh. tudi l. os: *n smós. o Po odpadu začetnega vokala v ''usmós in *usmós v obeh jezikih in po izpauu ievr. •-s- pred -m- v vseh treh osebah v toh. je prišlo čisto mehanično do sovpada vseh treh oseb. Ta pojav pa ni osamljen, saj je v hetitščini prišlo do podobnega sovpada vseh treh oseb množine pri navešenem svojilnem zaimku: l. os. >maš« het. -š(um)mi-, 2. os. »vaš« het. -šmi-, 3. os. »njihov« het. -š(um)mi- itd., beri vsakokrat /-smi-/, prvo nastalo na osnovi ievr. '''n smé- »mi, nas«, drugo iz ievr. *usmé »Vi, vas«, tretje pa pritvorjeno k zg. omenjenemu *smós »njim«.
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Copyright (c) 2015 Bojan Čop

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