Psihoterapevtski pristopi in metode ter njihova učinkovitost pri obravnavi orgazmične disfunkcije pri ženskah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20419/2024.33.584Ključne besede:
orgazmična disfunkcija, terapevtski pristopi, terapevtske metode, obravnava, orgazemPovzetek
Orgazmična disfunkcija je spolna motnja, pri kateri se orgazem ne pojavi ali pa je zakasnel. Prevalenca orgazmične disfunkcije se giblje med 16 % in 28 % v Evropi, Ameriki in celinski Kitajski ter med 30 % in 46 % v drugih azijskih državah. Vzroki so lahko fiziološki, nevrološki in psihosocialni. Naredili smo pregled literature, katerega namen je bil preučiti, kateri psihoterapevtski pristopi in metode se uporabljajo pri obravnavi orgazmične disfunkcije, in preveriti izsledke njihove učinkovitosti. Za pridobivanje virov smo uporabili podatkovni bazi Scopus in EbscoHost. Po pregledu vseh zadetkov, odstranitvi duplikatov in z upoštevanjem vseh kriterijev smo v pregled vključili 15 raziskav. Terapevtski pristopi in metode, pri katerih je dokazana učinkovitost pri odpravljanju orgazmične disfunkcije, so: skupinska seksualna terapija in seksualna terapija parov, vedenjski pristopi (metoda Masters in Johnson, sistematična desenzitizacija), na čuječnosti temelječi programi (na čuječnosti temelječa kognitivna terapija – MBCT, na čuječnosti temelječa vedenjska in kognitivna terapija), metoda Betty Dodson (kombinacija kratkotrajne psihodinamične skupinske terapije in metod samozadovoljevanja) in samopomočni programi, ki temeljijo na sledenju videoposnetkom, temelječih na kognitivno-vedenjski terapiji (KVT) in MBCT ter priročnikih psihoseksualne terapije. Nekateri samopomočni programi vsebujejo tudi minimalen stik s terapevtom. Omenjeni pristopi se med seboj prekrivajo (npr. seksualna terapija integrira vedenjske metode). Rezultati in pregled služijo kot podlaga za uporabo učinkovitih intervencij in možnosti izboljšav na področju obravnave orgazmične disfunkcije.
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