Ne samo blond lasje
Mogoči učinki različnih pričesk in ličil na spolno-znanstveni stereotip
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20419/2024.33.598Ključne besede:
socialna zaznava, spolno-znanstveni stereotip, ličila, svetli lasjePovzetek
Ženske so pogosto žrtve t. i. spolno-znanstvenega stereotipa (SZS), v skladu s katerim so v primerjavi z moškimi zaznane kot manj kompetentne na področju znanosti zgolj zato, ker so ženskega spola. To lahko predstavlja ovire in povzroča diskriminacijo pri njihovem kariernem razvoju. Namen predstavljene študije je preučiti, ali bi lahko nekateri dobro poznani stereotipi, kot je tisti o "neumnih blondinkah" (tj. svetlolaske so zaznane kot neumne in naivne), pojasnili učinek SZS ter interakcijo med njimi. V raziskavi smo uporabili serijo fotografij žensk (eksperiment 1) in moških (eksperiment 2), na katerih smo spreminjali (i) barvo las, (ii) dolžino las, (iii) prisotnost očal in (iv) ličil (v eksperimentu 1) oz. brade (v eksperimentu 2). Tako smo dobili 36 fotografij za vsak eksperiment (3 x 2 x 2 x 2). Vsako fotografijo smo udeležencem predstavili dvakrat – enkrat v povezavi z znanstvenim besedilom in enkrat v povezavi z leposlovnim delom (romanom). V članku predstavljamo preliminarne podatke, zbrane na vzorcu 45 udeležencev, ki so na 10-stopenjski Likertovi lestvici ocenili, kako verjetno je, da je oseba na fotografiji avtor oz. avtorica besedila. Rezultati kažejo na negativni učinek svetlih las ("neumna blondinka") za oba spola in močnih ličil za ženske ter na pozitivni učinek nošenja očal za oba spola in brade za moške. Čeprav SZS pri ženskah (v eksperimentu 1) nismo potrdili, se je ta pojavil pri moških (v eksperimentu 2). Interakcija med znanstveno vrsto besedila in ličili pri ženskah kaže, da je SZS prisoten, kadar ga okrepijo drugi dejavniki, kot so ličila, ki imajo močan "feminizacijski" učinek. O rezultatih razpravljamo ob upoštevanju zaznavnih in socialnih teorij.
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