Učinki kognitivnega treninga na kognitivno in vsakodnevno funkcioniranje starejših odraslih – sistematični pregled metaanaliz
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20419/2024.33.594Ključne besede:
kognitivni trening, starejši odrasli, sistematični pregled, metaanalizePovzetek
Ker se prebivalstvo stara, je razširjenost s starostjo povezanega kognitivnega upada najvišja v zgodovini ob dolgoročnem trendu naraščanja. Številne študije ugotavljajo, ali je kognitivni trening (KT) učinkovita intervencija za preprečevanje in/ali upočasnitev nevrodegenerativnih procesov staranja ter omogočanje neodvisnega delovanja in aktivnega življenja v pozni odraslosti. Da bi povzeli podatke, ki so na razpolago, smo izvedli sistematičen pregled metaanaliz, ki so preučevale učinkovitost različnih intervencij s pomočjo KT na kognitivne in subjektivne/funkcionalne rezultate pri zdravih starejših odraslih, starejših odraslih z blago kognitivno motnjo in starejših odraslih s subjektivno kognitivno pritožbo. Preiskali smo šest podatkovnih zbirk (Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL in Cochrane Library) in identificirali osem primernih metaanaliz. Kakovost vključenih metaanaliz je bila ocenjena s kontrolnim seznamom AMSTAR-2. Ocene zaupanja so bile »zmerno« za eno metaanalizo, »nizko« za dve metaanalizi in »kritično nizko« za pet metaanaliz. Čeprav se kaže očitna potreba po boljših metodoloških standardih za metaanalize, dobljeni rezultati kažejo, da je KT učinkovita intervencija za izboljšanje kognitivnega in vsakodnevnega funkcioniranja pri starejših odraslih. Prihodnje raziskave bi morale biti bolj usmerjene k meram vsakodnevne funkcionalnosti, ki bi kazale na praktično učinkovitost KT in biti bolj specifične glede vrste KT, da bi razumeli potencialno različne mehanizme njihovega delovanja.
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