Spremembe v spanju in nespečnost v pozni odraslosti
Mehanizmi, posledice in možnosti zdravljenja z nefarmakološkimi ukrepi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20419/2024.33.592Ključne besede:
pozna odraslost, spanje, nespečnost, terapija nespečnosti, kognitivno-vedenjska terapija (KVT-n) za nespečnost v pozni odraslostiPovzetek
Staranje prinaša številne spremembe v spanju. Te so lahko posledica bioloških, farmakoloških, psihosocialnih ali okoljskih dejavnikov in lahko pri starejših povečajo tveganje za razvoj težav s spanjem in pojav motenj spanja. Najpogostejša motnja spanja v pozni odraslosti je nespečnost, katere simptome doživlja več kot polovica vseh posameznikov v tem starostnem obdobju. Nezdravljena nespečnost znatno poveča tveganje za različne duševne in telesne bolezni, znižuje pa tudi celokupno kakovost življenja obolelih posameznikov. Kljub temu nespečnost kot motnja spanja v pozni odraslosti še vedno v večini primerov ostaja neprepoznana in nezdravljena. Pogost razlog za to je tudi splošno prepričanje, da so motnje spanja normativen del procesa staranja. Zaradi strmega naraščanja deleža starejših v populaciji pomembno narašča tudi število pacientov z nespečnostjo. Poglobljeno razumevanje narave, posledic, konceptualizacije in možnosti zdravljenja nespečnosti pri starejših je zatorej nujno potrebno. Namen pričujočega narativnega preglednega članka je raziskati in opredeliti značilne spremembe v spanju v obdobju pozne odraslosti, jih razmejiti od nespečnosti kot klinične motnje spanja ter proučiti ključne značilnosti, mehanizme nastanka, komorbidnosti, posledice in možnosti nefarmakološkega zdravljenja te široko razširjene motnje spanja. Na podlagi pregleda novejših znanstvenih izsledkov s področja geriatričnih motenj spanja zaključujemo, da je terapija prvega izbora za zdravljenje kronične nespečnosti tudi v pozni odraslosti kognitivno-vedenjska terapija za nespečnost, ki s svojimi ugodnimi in dolgoročnimi učinki predstavlja ključen del varne in učinkovite obravnave starostnika. Pomemben izziv za prihodnost je povečati ozaveščenost o prisotnosti motenj spanja v pozni odraslosti, si prizadevati za njihovo ustrezno prepoznavanje ter razširiti uporabo z znanstvenimi dokazi podprtih nefarmakoloških ukrepov v klinični praksi.
Prenosi
Literatura
Abad, V. C. in Guilleminault, C. (2018). Insomnia in elderly patients: Recommendations for pharmacological management. Drugs & Aging, 35(9), 791–817. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-018-0569-8
Althuis, M. D., Fredman, L., Langenberg, P. W. in Magaziner, J. (1998). The relationship between insomnia and mortality among community-dwelling older women. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 46(10), 1270–1273. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb04544.x
American Academy of Sleep Medicine. (2014). The international classification of sleep disorders ICSD-3 (3. izd.).
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders DSM-5 (5. izd.).
Ancoli-Israel, S. (2000). Insomnia in the elderly: A review for the primary care practitioner. Sleep, 23(Suppl. 1), S23–S38.
Ayas, N. T., White, D. P., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Speizer, F. E., Malhotra, A. in Hu, F. B. (2003). A prospective study of sleep duration and coronary heart disease in women. Archives of Internal Medicine, 163(2), 205–209. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.2.205
Barczi, S. R. in Teodorescu, M. C. (2017). Psychiatric and medical comorbidities and effects of medications in older adults. V M. H. Kryger, T. Roth in W. C. Dement (ur.), Principles and practice of sleep medicine (6. izd., str. 1484–1495). Elsevier.
Bélanger, L., LeBlanc, M. in Morin, C. M. (2012). Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in older adults. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19(1), 101–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2010.10.003
Blay, S. L, Andreoli, S. B. in Gastal, F. L. (2008). Prevalence of self-reported sleep disturbance among older adults and the association of disturbed sleep with service demand and medical conditions. International Psychogeriatrics, 20(3), 582–595.
Bliwise, D. L. in Breus, M. J. (2000). Insomnia and dementia in residential care. V K. L. Lichstein in C. M. Morin (ur.), Treatment of late-life insomnia (str. 321–344). Sage Publications.
Bliwise, D. L. in Scullin, M. K. (2017). Normal aging. V M. Kryger, T. Roth in W. C. Dement, Principles and practice of sleep medicine (6. izd., str. 25–38). Elsevier.
Bonanni, E., Tognoni, G., Maestri, M., Salvati, N., Fabbrini, M., Borghetti, D., Di Coscio, E., Choub, A., Sposito, R., Pagni, C., Iudice, A. in Murri, L. (2010). Sleep disturbances in elderly subjects: An epidemiological survey in an Italian district. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 122(6), 389– 397. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.2010.01324.x
Bootzin, R. R. (1972). Stimulus control treatment in insomnia. Proceedings of the 80th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Honolulu, Hawai, 7, 395–396.
Bootzin, R. R. in Epstein, D. R. (2000). Stimulus control. V K. L. Lichstein in C. M. Morin (ur.), Treatment of late-life insomnia (str. 167–184). Sage Publications.
Bootzin, R. R. in Epstein, D. R. (2011). Understanding and treating insomnia. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 7, 435–458. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091516
Bootzin, R. R., Epstein, D. in Wood, J. M. (1991). Stimulus control instructions. V P. J. Hauri (ur.), Case studies in insomnia (str. 19–28). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9586-8_2
Bootzin, R. R. in Perlis, M. L. (2011). Stimulus control therapy. V M. Perlis, M. Aloia in B. Kuhn (ur.), Behavioral treatments for sleep disorders: A comprehensive primer of behavioral sleep medicine interventions (str. 21–30). Elsevier.
Borbély, A. A., Daan, S., Wirz-Justice, A. in Deboer, T. (2016). The two-process model of sleep regulation: A reappraisal. Journal of Sleep Research, 25, članek 131143.
Brayet, P., Petit, D., Frauscher, B., Gagnon, J. F., Gosselin, N., Gagnon, K., Rouleau, I. in Montplaisir, J. (2016). Quantitative EEG of rapid-eye-movement sleep: A marker of amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 47(2), 134–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/1550059415603050
Brenes, G. A., Miller, M. E., Stanley, M. A., Williamson, J. D., Knudson, M. in McCall, W. V. (2009). Insomnia in older adults with generalized anxiety disorder. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17(6), 465–472. https://doi.org/10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181987747
Carrier, J., Land, S., Buysse, D. J., Kupfer, D. J. in Monk, T. H. (2001). The effects of age and gender on sleep EEG power spectral density in the middle years of life (ages 20-60 years old). Psychophysiology, 38(2), 232–242.
Chien, M. Y. in Chen, H. C. (2015). Poor sleep quality is independently associated with physical disability in older adults. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 11(3), 225– 232. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.4532
Copinschi, G. in Caufriez, A. (2013). Sleep and hormonal changes in aging. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, 42(2), 371–389.
Cricco, M., Simonsick, E. M. in Foley, D. J. (2001). The impact of insomnia on cognitive functioning in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 49(9), 1185– 1189. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49235.x
Crowley, K. (2011). Sleep and sleep disorders in older adults. Neuropsychology Review, 21(1), 41–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-010-9154-6
da Silva, A. A., de Mello, R. G., Schaan, C. W., Fuchs, F. D., Redline, S. in Fuchs, S. C. (2016). Sleep duration and mortality in the elderly: A systematic review with meta-analysis. BMJ open, 6(2), članek e008119. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008119
Davies, S. R., Caldwell, D. M., Dawson, S., Sampson, S. J., Welton, N. J., Wiles, N., Kessler, D., Miljanović, M., Milunovic, V., Peters, T., Lewis, G., Lopez-Lopez, J. A. in Churchill, R. (2018). Multimedia-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy versus face-to-face cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in adults. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2018(11), članek CD013184. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013184
de Almondes, K. M., Costa, M. V., Malloy-Diniz, L. F. in Diniz, B. S. (2016). Insomnia and risk of dementia in older adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 77, 109–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.02.021
De Luca, C. R., Wood, S. J., Anderson, V., Buchanan, J. A., Proffitt, T. M., Mahony, K. in Pantelis, C. (2003). Normative data from the CANTAB. I: Development of executive function over the lifespan. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 25(2), 242–254. https://doi.org/10.1076/jcen.25.2.242.13639
Dew, M. A., Hoch, C. C., Buysse, D. J., Monk, T. H., Begley, A. E., Houck, P. R., Hall, M., Kupfer, D. J. in Reynolds, C. F., 3rd. (2003). Healthy older adults‘ sleep predicts all-cause mortality at 4 to 19 years of follow-up. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65(1), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000039756.23250.7c
Dijk, D. J., Groeger, J. A., Stanley, N. in Deacon, S. (2010). Age-related reduction in daytime sleep propensity and nocturnal slow wave sleep. Sleep, 33(2), 211–223. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/33.2.211
Dubé, J., Lafortune, M., Bedetti, C., Bouchard, M., Gagnon, J. F., Doyon, J., Evans, A. C., Lina, J. M. in Carrier, J. (2015). Cortical thinning explains changes in sleep slow waves during adulthood. The Journal of Neuroscience, 35(20), 7795–7807. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3956-14.2015
Dzierzewski, J. M., O‘Brien, E. M., Kay, D. in McCrae, C. S. (2010). Tackling sleeplessness: Psychological treatment options for insomnia in older adults. Nature and Science of Sleep, 2, 47–61. https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S7064
Ebben, M. R. (2021). Insomnia: Behavioral treatment in the elderly. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 37(3), 387–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2021.04.002
Eser, I., Khorshid, L. in Cinar, S. (2007). Sleep quality of older adults in nursing homes in Turkey: Enhancing the quality of sleep improves quality of life. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 33(10), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20071001-07
Feinsilver, S. H. (2021). Normal and abnormal sleep in the elderly. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 37(3), 377–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2021.04.001
Foley, D., Ancoli-Israel, S., Britz, P. in Walsh, J. (2004). Sleep disturbances and chronic disease in older adults: Results of the 2003 National Sleep Foundation Sleep in America Survey. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 56(5), 497– 502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.02.010
Foley, D. J., Monjan, A. A., Brown, S. L., Simonsick, E. M., Wallace, R. B. in Blazer, D. G. (1995). Sleep complaints among elderly persons: An epidemiologic study of three communities. Sleep, 18(6), 425–432. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/18.6.425
Foley, D. J., Monjan, A., Simonsick, E. M., Wallace, R. B. in Blazer, D. G. (1999). Incidence and remission of insomnia among elderly adults: An epidemiologic study of 6,800 persons over three years. Sleep, 22(Suppl. 2), S366–S372.
Foley, D. J., Vitiello, M. V., Bliwise, D. L., Ancoli-Israel, S., Monjan, A. A. in Walsh, J. K. (2007). Frequent napping is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, depression, pain, and nocturia in older adults: Findings from the National Sleep Foundation ‚2003 Sleep in America‘ Poll. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15(4), 344–350. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JGP.0000249385.50101.67
Ford, E. S., Cunningham, T. J., Giles, W. H. in Croft, J. B. (2015). Trends in insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness among US adults from 2002 to 2012. Sleep Medicine, 16(3), 372–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2014.12.008
Fung, C. H., Martin, J. L., Chung, C., Fiorentino, L., Mitchell, M., Josephson, K. R., Jouldjian, S. in Alessi, C. (2012). Sleep disturbance among older adults in assisted living facilities. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(6), 485–493. https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e318252e3e0
Fung, M. M., Peters, K., Redline, S., Ziegler, M. G., Ancoli- Israel, S., Barrett-Connor, E., Stone, K. L. in Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Research Group. (2011). Decreased slow wave sleep increases risk of developing hypertension in elderly men. Hypertension, 58(4), 596–603. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.174409
Gammack, J. K. (2008). Light therapy for insomnia in older adults. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 24(1), 139–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2007.08.013
Gibson, E. M., Williams, W. P., 3rd in Kriegsfeld, L. J. (2009). Aging in the circadian system: Considerations for health, disease prevention and longevity. Experimental Gerontology, 44(1/2), 51–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2008.05.007
Guarnieri, B., Adorni, F., Musicco, M., Appollonio, I., Bonanni, E., Caffarra, P., Caltagirone, C., Cerroni, G., Concari, L., Cosentino, F. I., Ferrara, S., Fermi, S., Ferri, R., Gelosa, G., Lombardi, G., Mazzei, D., Mearelli, S., Morrone, E., Murri, L., … Sorbi, S. (2012). Prevalence of sleep disturbances in mild cognitive impairment and dementing disorders: A multicenter Italian clinical cross-sectional study on 431 patients. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 33(1), 50–58. https://doi.org/10.1159/000335363
Gulia, K. K. in Kumar, V. M. (2018). Sleep disorders in the elderly: A growing challenge. Psychogeriatrics, 18(3), 155–165. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12319
Guo, J. in Xiao, Y. (2023). New metrics from polysomnography: Precision medicine for OSA interventions. Nature and Science of Sleep, 15, 69–77. https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S400048
Hertenstein, E., Rose, N., Voderholzer, U., Heidenreich, T., Nissen, C., Thiel, N., Herbst, N. in Külz, A. K. (2012). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder – A qualitative study on patients’ experiences. BMC Psychiatry, 12, članek 185. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-185
Hofman, M. A. in Swaab, D. F. (2006). Living by the clock: The circadian pacemaker in older people. Ageing Research Reviews, 5(1), 33–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2005.07.001
Hohagen, F., Rink, K., Käppler, C., Schramm, E., Riemann, D., Weyerer, S. in Berger, M. (1993). Prevalence and treatment of insomnia in general practice. A longitudinal study. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 242(6), 329–336. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02190245
Irwin, M. R., Cole, J. C. in Nicassio, P. M. (2006). Comparative meta-analysis of behavioral interventions for insomnia and their efficacy in middle-aged adults and in older adults 55+ years of age. Health Psychology, 25(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.25.1.3
Jazbar, J., Locatelli, I. in Kos, M. (2017). Obseg in značilnosti neprimernega predpisovanja zdravil za starostnike v Sloveniji [Extent and nature of inappropriate medication prescribing among elderly in Slovenia]. Farmacevtski vestnik, 68(2), 145–152.
Joshi, S. (2008). Nonpharmacologic therapy for insomnia in the elderly. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 24(1), 107–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2007.08.005
Klerman, E. B. in Dijk, D. J. (2008). Age-related reduction in the maximal capacity for sleep—Implications for insomnia. Current Biology, 18(15), 1118–1123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.06.047
Klink, M. E., Quan, S. F., Kaltenborn, W. T. in Lebowitz, M. D. (1992). Risk factors associated with complaints of insomnia in a general adult population. Influence of previous complaints of insomnia. Archives of Internal Medicine, 152(8), 1634–1637.
Kripke, D. F., Garfinkel, L., Wingard, D. L., Klauber, M. R. in Marler, M. R. (2002). Mortality associated with sleep duration and insomnia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59(2), 131–136. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.59.2.131
Lancee, J., Maric, M. in Kamphuis, J. (2020). Sleep restriction therapy may be effective for people with insomnia and depressive complaints: Evidence from a case series. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 48(4), 492–497. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465819000705
Leng, Y., Musiek, E. S., Hu, K., Cappuccio, F. P. in Yaffe, K. (2019). Association between circadian rhythms and neurodegenerative diseases. The Lancet Neurology, 18(3), 307–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30461-7
Li, J., Vitiello, M. V. in Gooneratne, N. S. (2018). Sleep in normal aging. Sleep Medicine Clinics, 13(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsmc.2017.09.001
Li, J., Yao, Y. S., Dong, Q., Dong, Y. H., Liu, J. J., Yang, L. S. in Huang, F. (2013). Characterization and factors associated with sleep quality among rural elderly in China. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 56(1), 237–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2012.08.002
Lichstein, K. L., Taylor, D. J., McCrae, C. S. in Thomas, S. J. (2011). Relaxation for insomnia. V M. Perlis, M. Aloia in B. Kuhn (ur.), Behavioral treatments for sleep disorders: A comprehensive primer of behavioral sleep medicine interventions (str. 45–54). Elsevier.
Lindam, A., Jansson, C., Nordenstedt, H., Pedersen, N. L. in Lagergren, J. (2012). A population-based study of gastroesophageal reflux disease and sleep problems in elderly twins. PloS ONE, 7(10), članek e48602. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048602
Lo, J. C., Groeger, J. A., Cheng, G. H., Dijk, D. J. in Chee, M. W. (2016). Selfreported sleep duration and cognitive performance in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine, 17, 87–98.
Mander, B. A., Rao, V., Lu, B., Saletin, J. M., Lindquist, J. R., Ancoli-Israel, S., Jagust, W. in Walker, M. P. (2013). Prefrontal atrophy, disrupted NREM slow waves and impaired hippocampal-dependent memory in aging. Nature Neuroscience, 16(3), 357–364. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3324
Mander, B. A., Winer, J. R. in Walker, M. P. (2017). Sleep and human aging. Neuron, 94(1), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.004
Mattis, J. in Sehgal, A. (2016). Circadian rhythms, sleep, and disorders of aging. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (TEM), 27(4), 192–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2016.02.003
McCrae, C. S., Dzierzewski, J. M. in Kay, D. (2009). Treatment of late-life insomnia. Sleep Medicine Clinics, 4(4), 593– 604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsmc.2009.07.006
McCurry, S. M., Logsdon, R. G., Teri, L. in Vitiello, M. V. (2007). Evidence-based psychological treatments for insomnia in older adults. Psychology and Aging, 22(1), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.22.1.18
Mishina, M., Kimura, Y., Naganawa, M., Ishii, K., Oda, K., Sakata, M., Toyohara, J., Kobayashi, S., Katayama, Y. in Ishiwata, K. (2012). Differential effects of age on human striatal adenosine A1 and A2A receptors. Synapse, 66(9), 832–839.
Morgan, K. (2003). Daytime activity and risk factors for late-life insomnia. Journal of Sleep Research, 12(3), 231–238. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2869.2003.00355.x
Morgan, K. in Clarke, D. (1997). Risk factors for late-life insomnia in a representative general practice sample. The British Journal of General Practice, 47(416), 166–169.
Morin, C. M., Davidson, J. R. in Beaulieu-Bonneau, S. (2017). Cognitive behavior therapies for insomnia I: Approaches and efficacy. V M. H. Kryger, T. Roth in W. C. Dement (ur.), Principles and practices of sleep medicine (str. 804– 813). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2012-0-03543-0
Neikrug, A. B. in Ancoli-Israel, S. (2010). Sleep disorders in the older adult - A mini-review. Gerontology, 56(2), 181–189. https://doi.org/10.1159/000236900
Newman, A. B., Spiekerman, C. F., Enright, P., Lefkowitz, D., Manolio, T., Reynolds, C. F. in Robbins, J. (2000). Daytime sleepiness predicts mortality and cardiovascular disease in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 48(2), 115–123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb03901.x
Ohayon, M. M. (2002). Epidemiology of insomnia: What we know and what we still need to learn. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 6(2), 97–111. https://doi.org/10.1053/ smrv.2002.0186
Ohayon, M. M., Carskadon, M. A., Guilleminault, C. in Vitiello, M. V. (2004). Meta-analysis of quantitative sleep parameters from childhood to old age in healthy individuals: Developing normative sleep values across the human lifespan. Sleep, 27(7), 1255–1273. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/27.7.1255
Osorio, R. S., Pirraglia, E., Agüera-Ortiz, L. F., During, E. H., Sacks, H., Ayappa, I., Walsleben, J., Mooney, A., Hussain, A., Glodzik, L., Frangione, B., Martínez-Martín, P. in de Leon, M. J. (2011). Greater risk of Alzheimer‘s disease in older adults with insomnia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 59(3), 559–562. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03288.x
Pallesen, S., Nordhus, I. H., Nielsen, G. H., Havik, O. E., Kvale, G., Johnsen, B. H. in Skjøtskift, S. (2001). Prevalence of insomnia in the adult Norwegian population. Sleep, 24(7), 771–779.
Palmer, A. M. in DeKosky, S. T. (1993). Monoamine neurons in aging and Alzheimer‘s disease. Journal of Neural Transmission, 91(2/3), 135–159. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01245229
Patel, N. P., Grandner, M. A., Xie, D., Branas, C. C. in Gooneratne, N. (2010). „Sleep disparity“ in the population: Poor sleep quality is strongly associated with poverty and ethnicity. BMC Public Health, 10, članek 475. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-475
Patel, K. V., Guralnik, J. M., Dansie, E. J. in Turk, D. C. (2013). Prevalence and impact of pain among older adults in the United States: Findings from the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study. Pain, 154(12), 2649– 2657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2013.07.029
Patel, D., Steinberg, J. in Patel, P. (2018). Insomnia in the elderly: A review. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 14(6), 1017–1024. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.7172
Perlis, M. L., Benson-Jungquist, C., Smith, M. T. in Posner, D. A. (2005). Cognitive behavioral treatment of insomnia: A session-by-session guide. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-29180-6
Petit, L., Azad, N., Byszewski, A., Sarazan, F. F. in Power, B. (2003). Non-pharmacological management of primary and secondary insomnia among older people: Review of assessment tools and treatments. Age and Ageing, 32(1), 19–25. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/32.1.19
Population Division. (2019). World population ageing 2019: Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/430). United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
Redline, S., Kirchner, H. L., Quan, S. F., Gottlieb, D. J., Kapur, V. in Newman, A. (2004). The effects of age, sex, ethnicity, and sleep-disordered breathing on sleep architecture. Archives of Internal Medicine, 164(4), 406– 418. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.164.4.406
Reichert, C. F., Deboer, T. in Landolt, H. P. (2022). Adenosine, caffeine, and sleep-wake regulation: State of the science and perspectives. Journal of Sleep Research, 31(4), članek e13597. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13597
Richardson, G. S. (2007). Human physiological models of insomnia. Sleep Medicine, 8(Suppl. 4), S9–S14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-9457(08)70003-0
Riemann, D., Baglioni, C., Bassetti, C., Bjorvatn, B., Dolenc Groselj, L., Ellis, J. G., Espie, C. A., Garcia-Borreguero, D., Gjerstad, M., Gonçalves, M., Hertenstein, E., Jansson-Fröjmark, M., Jennum, P. J., Leger, D., Nissen, C., Parrino, L., Paunio, T., Pevernagie, D., Verbraecken, J., … Spiegelhalder, K. (2017). European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia. Journal of Sleep Research, 26(6), 675–700. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12594
Riemann, D., Espie, C. A., Altena, E., Arnardottir, E. S., Baglioni, C., Bassetti, C. L. A., Bastien, C., Berzina, N., Bjorvatn, B., Dikeos, D., Dolenc Groselj, L., Ellis, J. G., Garcia-Borreguero, D., Geoffroy, P. A., Gjerstad, M., Gonçalves, M., Hertenstein, E., Hoedlmoser, K., Hion, T., Holzinger, B., … in Spiegelhalder, K. (2023). The European insomnia guideline: An update on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia 2023. Journal of Sleep Research, 32(6), e14035. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.14035
Riemann, D., Krone, L. B., Wulff, K. in Nissen, C. (2020). Sleep, insomnia, and depression. Neuropsychopharmacology, 45(1), 74–89. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-019-0411-y
Riemann, D. in Perlis, M. L. (2009). The treatments of chronic insomnia: A review of benzodiazepine receptor agonists and psychological and behavioral therapies. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 13(3), 205–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2008.06.001
Rodriguez, J. C., Dzierzewski, J. M. in Alessi, C. A. (2015). Sleep problems in the elderly. The Medical Clinics of North America, 99(2), 431–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2014.11.013
Rybarczyk, B., Lund, H. G., Garroway, A. M. S. in Mack, L. (2013). Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in older adults: Background, evidence, and overview of treatment protocol. Clinical Gerontologist, 36, 70–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2012.731478
Sagayadevan, V., Abdin, E., Binte Shafie, S., Jeyagurunathan, A., Sambasivam, R., Zhang, Y., Picco, L., Vaingankar, J., Chong, S. A. in Subramaniam, M. (2017). Prevalence and correlates of sleep problems among elderly Singaporeans. Psychogeriatrics, 17(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12190
Sanchini, V., Sala, R. in Gastmans, C. (2022). The concept of vulnerability in aged care: A systematic review of argument-based ethics literature. BMC Medical Ethics, 23(84).
Saper, C. B., Fuller, P. M., Pedersen, N. P., Lu, J. in Scammell, T. E. (2010). Sleep state switching. Neuron, 68(6), 1023–1042.
Sateia, M. J. (2014). International classification of sleep disorders-third edition: Highlights and modifications. Chest, 146(5), 1387–1394. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.14-0970
Scarbrough, K., Losee-Olson, S., Wallen, E. P. in Turek, F. W. (1997). Aging and photoperiod affect entrainment and quantitative aspects of locomotor behavior in Syrian hamsters. The American Journal of Physiology, 272(4, Pt. 2), R1219–R1225. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.272.4.R1219
Schnelle, J. F., Cruise, P. A., Alessi, C. A., Al-Samarrai, N. in Ouslander, J. G. (1998). Individualizing nighttime incontinence care in nursing home residents. Nursing Research, 47(4), 197–204. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-199807000-00004
Schubert, C. R., Cruickshanks, K. J., Dalton, D. S., Klein, B. E., Klein, R. in Nondahl, D. M. (2002). Prevalence of sleep problems and quality of life in an older population. Sleep, 25(8), 889–893.
Schutte-Rodin, S., Broch, L., Buysse, D., Dorsey, C. in Sateia, M. (2008). Clinical guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic insomnia in adults. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 4(5), 487–504.
Schwarz, J. F. A., Åkerstedt, T., Lindberg, E., Gruber, G., Fischer, H. in Theorell-Haglöw, J. (2017). Age affects sleep microstructure more than sleep macrostructure. Journal of Sleep Research, 26(3), 277–287. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12478
Sharma, M. P. in Andrade, C. (2012). Behavioral interventions for insomnia: Theory and practice. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 54(4), 359–366. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.104825
Shi, L., Chen, S. J., Ma, M. Y., Bao, Y. P., Han, Y., Wang, Y. M., Shi, J., Vitiello, M. V. in Lu, L. (2018). Sleep disturbances increase the risk of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 40, 4–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2017.06.010
Silber, M. H. (2016). Autoimmune sleep disorders. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 133, 317–326.
Spielman, A. J., Caruso, L. S. in Glovinsky, P. B. (1987). A behavioral perspective on insomnia treatment. The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 10(4), 541–553.
Spielman, A. J., Yang, C.-M. in Glovinsky, P. B. (2011). Sleep restriction therapy. V M. Perlis, M. Aloia in B. Kuhn (ur.), Behavioral treatments for sleep disorders: A comprehensive primer of behavioral sleep medicine interventions (str. 9–19). Elsevier.
Sterniczuk, R., Rusak, B. in Rockwood, K. (2014). Sleep disturbance in older ICU patients. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 9, 969–977. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S59927
Stewart, R., Besset, A., Bebbington, P., Brugha, T., Lindesay, J., Jenkins, R., Singleton, N. in Meltzer, H. (2006). Insomnia comorbidity and impact and hypnotic use by age group in a national survey population aged 16 to 74 years. Sleep, 29(11), 1391–1397.
Stone, K. L., Ancoli-Israel, S., Blackwell, T., Ensrud, K. E., Cauley, J. A., Redline, S., Hilier, T. A., Schneider, J., Claman, D. in Cummings, S. R. (2008). Actigraphy-measured sleep characteristics and risk of falls in older women. Archives of Internal Medicine, 168(16), 1768–1775.
Strand, L. B., Carnethon, M., Biggs, M. L., Djoussé, L., Kaplan, R. C., Siscovick, D. S., Robbins, J. A., Redline, S., Patel, S. R., Janszky, I. in Mukamal, K. J. (2015). Sleep disturbances and glucose metabolism in older adults: The cardiovascular health study. Diabetes Care, 38(11), 2050–2058. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc15-0137
Su, T. P., Huang, S. R. in Chou, P. (2004). Prevalence and risk factors of insomnia in community-dwelling Chinese elderly: A Taiwanese urban area survey. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 38(9), 706–713. https://doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2004.01444.x
Sukying, C., Bhokakul, V. in Udomsubpayakul, U. (2003). An epidemiological study on insomnia in an elderly Thai population. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 86(4), 316–324.
Suzuki, K., Miyamoto, M. in Hirata, K. (2017). Sleep disorders in the elderly: Diagnosis and management. Journal of General and Family Medicine, 18(2), 61–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgf2.27
Štukovnik, V. (2017). Nefarmakološko zdravljenje nespečnosti pri starostnikih [Nonpharmacological treatment of latelife insomnia]. Farmacevtski vestnik, 68(2), 137–143. http://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:doc-77UX7UFZ
Štukovnik, V. in Dolenc Grošelj, L. (2013). Nefarmakološki pristopi pri obravnavi kronične nespečnosti [Non-pharmachological approaches to the treatment of chronical insomnia]. Zdravniški vestnik, 82, 316–325.
Tančič Grum, A. in Zupančič-Tisovec, B. (2019). Tehnike sproščanja: Priročnik za udeležence delavnic [Relaxation techniques: A manual for workshop participants]. Nacionalni inštitut za javno zdravje.
Tranah, G. J., Stone, K. L. in Ancoli-Israel, S. (2017). Circadian rhythms in older adults. V M. H. Kryger, T. Roth in W. Dement (ur.), Principles and practice of sleep medicine (6. izd., str. 1510–1515). Elsevier.
Vitiello, M. V. (2009). Recent advances in understanding sleep and sleep disturbances in older adults: Growing older does not mean sleeping poorly. Current Dirrections in Psychological Science, 18, 316–320.
Vitiello, M. V. (2012). Sleep in normal aging. Sleep Medicine Clinics, 7(3), 539–544.
Wennberg, A. M., Canham, S. L., Smith, M. T. in Spira, A. P. (2013). Optimizing sleep in older adults: Treating insomnia. Maturitas, 76(3), 247–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.05.007
Williams, J., Roth, A., Vatthauer, K. in McCrae, C. S. (2013). Cognitive behavioral treatment of insomnia. Chest, 143(2), 554–565. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.12-0731
Yaffe, K., Falvey, C. M. in Hoang, T. (2014). Connections between sleep and cognition in older adults. The Lancet Neurology, 13(10), 1017–1028. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70172-3
Zdanys, K. F. in Steffens, D. C. (2015). Sleep disturbances in the elderly. The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 38(4), 723–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2015.07.010
Zhang, B. in Wing, Y. K. (2006). Sex differences in insomnia: A meta-analysis. Sleep, 29(1), 85–93. https://doi. org/10.1093/sleep/29.1.85
Zhong, H. H., Yu, B., Luo, D., Yang, L. Y., Zhang, J., Jiang, S. S., Hu, S. J., Luo, Y. Y., Yang, M. W., Hong, F. F. in Yang, S. L. (2019). Roles of aging in sleep. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 98, 177–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.013
Zupanič, T. in Korošec, A. (2021). Z zdravjem povezan vedenjski slog 2020: Prva objava [Health-Related Behavioral Style 2020: First Publication]. Nacionalni inštitut za javno zdravje NIJZ. https://nijz.si/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/cindi2020_prva_objava.pdf
Zwart, C. A. in Lisman, S. A. (1979). Analysis of stimulus control treatment of sleep-onset insomnia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47(1), 113–118.
Prenosi
Objavljeno
Številka
Rubrika
Licenca
Avtorske pravice (c) 2024 Vita Štukovnik, Annemarie Kim Kozole Smid, Monika Ficjan, Marina Horvat
To delo je licencirano pod Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva-Deljenje pod enakimi pogoji 4.0 mednarodno licenco.
