JUMP ABILITY AND FORCE-VELOCITY PROFILE IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS

Authors

  • Luciana Ferreira Melo de Sá University of Porto
  • Isaura Leite Faculty of Sport, University of Porto
  • Amanda Batista Santos
  • Maria de Lurdes Tristão Ávila Carvalho

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.15.2.225-237

Keywords:

rhythmic gymnastics, profile, jump, force, velocity

Abstract

The jump is one of the main body elements in Rhythmic Gymnastics (RG). To perform it correctly, gymnasts must develop appropriate force and velocity levels to reach enough jump height to show the body shape during flight, as defined by the RG Code of Points. Jumping performance is influenced by the mechanical force-velocity (F-V) profile and the maximum power generated by the lower limbs. The F-V profile identification can provide a more accurate and complete mechanical representation of its capabilities and needs. This study aimed to analyse the F-V profile during the counter movement jump of RG athletes, identify the magnitude and direction of the imbalance between the two variables (force and velocity), and compare the jumping ability and mechanical variables of different age groups. Eighteen Portuguese gymnasts (average age 12.2±1.8 years) were evaluated, according to age group: beginner and youth gymnasts (G1- ages 10 to 12) and junior and senior gymnasts (G2 - ages 13 to 16), and according to the F-V profile imbalance detected. The data collection was performed after a covid-19 lockdown period. Results showed anthropometric differences between age groups but no differences in the F-V profile related variables. When gymnasts were compared according to the deficit, differences were found in variables force and velocity. Furthermore, 72.3% of the gymnasts presented force deficit, 11% presented velocity deficit and 16.6% were balanced. Considering the deficits found, the demands of the sport and of each athlete, it is essential to include strength training in the regular training routines of rhythmic gymnasts.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Álvarez, J. A. E., Fuentes García, J. P. F., da Conceição, F. A., & Jiménez-Reyes, P. (2020). Individualized Training Based on Force–Velocity Profiling During Jumping in Ballet Dancers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 15(6), 788–794. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0492 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0492

Álvarez, J. A. E., Reyes, P. J., Pérez Sousa, M. Á. P., da Conceição, F., & García, J. P. F. (2020). Analysis of the Force-Velocity Profile in Female Ballet Dancers. Journal of Dance Medicine & Science, 24(2), 59–65. https://doi.org/10.12678/1089-313X.24.2.59 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12678/1089-313X.24.2.59

Ávila-Carvalho, L., Conceição, F., Escobar-Álvarez, J. A., Gondra, B., Leite, I., & Rama, L. (2022). The Effect of 16 Weeks of Lower-Limb Strength Training in Jumping Performance of Ballet Dancers. Frontiers in Physiology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.774327 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.774327

Balsalobre-Fernández, C., Glaister, M., & Lockey, R. A. (2015). The validity and reliability of an iPhone app for measuring vertical jump performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(15), 1574–1579. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.996184 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.996184

Batista, A., Garganta, R., & Avila-Carvalho, L. (2019a). Body difficulties in rhythmic gymnastics routines. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 11(1), 37–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.11.1.37-55

Batista, A., Garganta, R., & Avila-Carvalho, L. (2019b). Strength in Portuguese rhythmic gymnasts of different competition levels. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 19(2), 1213–1221.

Bobo, M., & Sierra, E. (1998). Ximnasia Rítmica Deportiva - Adestramento e competición. Santiago de Compostela: Editora Lea.

Dallas, G. C., Pappas, P., Ntallas, C. G., Paradisis, G. P., & Exell, T. A. (2020). The effect of four weeks of plyometric training on reactive strength index and leg stiffness is sport dependent. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 60(7). https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.20.10384-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.20.10384-0

Dobrijević, S., Moskovljević, L., Marković, M., & Dabović, M. (2018). Effects of proprioceptive training on explosive strenght, aglility and coordination of young rhythmic gymnasts. Fizicka Kultura, 72(1), 71–79. https://doi.org/10.5937/fizkul1801071D DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/fizkul1801071D

Gateva, M. (2013). Investigation of strength abilities of rhythmic gymnasts. Research in Kinesiology, 41(2), 245–248.

Jiménez-Reyes, P., Samozino, P., Brughelli, M., & Morin, J.-B. (2017). Effectiveness of an Individualized Training Based on Force-Velocity Profiling during Jumping. Frontiers in Physiology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00677 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00677

Jiménez-Reyes, P., Samozino, P., Cuadrado-Peñafiel, V., Conceição, F., González-Badillo, J. J., & Morin, J.-B. (2014). Effect of countermovement on power–force–velocity profile. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 114(11), 2281–2288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-2947-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-2947-1

Jiménez-Reyes, P., Samozino, P., Pareja-Blanco, F., Conceição, F., Cuadrado-Peñafiel, V., González-Badillo, J. J., & Morin, J.-B. (2017). Validity of a Simple Method for Measuring Force-Velocity-Power Profile in Countermovement Jump. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(1), 36–43. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.2015-0484 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.2015-0484

Laffranchi, B. (2001). Treinamento desportivo aplicado à Ginástica Rítmica (1st ed.). Londrina: UNOPAR Editora.

Lebre, E. M. X. G. (1993). Estudo comparativo das exigências técnicas e morfofuncionais em Ginástica Rítmica Desportiva (Doutoramento em Ciências do Desporto: Treino Desportivo). Universidade do Porto, Porto.

Monteiro, S. G. P. (2000). Quantificação e classificação das cargas de treino em ginástica rítmica : Estudo de caso : Preparação para o Campeonato do Mundo de Osaka 1999 da Selecção Nacional de Conjuntos Sénior (Mestrado em Ciência do Desporto: Treino de Alto Rendimento Desportivo). Universidade do Porto, Porto.

Morin, J.-B., & Samozino, P. (2016). Interpreting Power-Force-Velocity Profiles for Individualized and Specific Training. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 11(2), 267–272. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0638 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0638

Piazza, M., Battaglia, C., Fiorilli, G., Innocenti, G., Iuliano, E., Aquino, G., … di Cagno, A. (2014). Effects of resistance training on jumping performance in pre-adolescent rhythmic gymnasts: A randomized controlled study. Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology, 119(1), 10–19.

Pinto, V. C. M., Santos, P. G. M. D. dos, Medeiros, R. C. D. S. C. de, Souza, F. E. S., Simões, T. B. dos S., Dantas, R. P. N. de C., & Cabral, B. G. D. A. T. (2018). Maturational stages: comparison of growth and physical capacity indicators in adolescents. Journal of Human Growth and Development, 28(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.127411 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.127411

Rodríguez, I. G., Sampedro, J., Rivilla-García, J., & Bofill, A. M. (2010). Evolución y relación de la capacidad de salto y amortiguación en gimnastas de rítmica de alto nivel. Cuadernos de Psicología Del Deporte, 10, 43–50.

Román, M. L., del Campo, V. L., Sabido, R., & Morenas, J. (2012). Perfil y diferencias antropométricas y físicas de gimnastas de tecnificación de las modalidades de artística y rítmica. Retos. Nuevas Tendencias En Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación., 21, 58–62.

Samozino, P., Edouard, P., Sangnier, S., Brughelli, M., Gimenez, P., & Morin, J.-B. (2013). Force-Velocity Profile: Imbalance Determination and Effect on Lower Limb Ballistic Performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(06), 505–510. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1354382 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1354382

Samozino, Pierre, Morin, J.-B., Hintzy, F., & Belli, A. (2008). A simple method for measuring force, velocity and power output during squat jump. Journal of Biomechanics, 41(14), 2940–2945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.07.028 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.07.028

Samozino, Pierre, Rejc, E., di Prampero, P. E., Belli, A., & Morin, J.-B. (2012). Optimal Force–Velocity Profile in Ballistic Movements—Altius. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 44(2), 313–322. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31822d757a DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31822d757a

Downloads

Published

2023-06-29

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Ferreira Melo de Sá, L., Leite, I., Batista Santos, A., & Tristão Ávila Carvalho, M. de L. . (2023). JUMP ABILITY AND FORCE-VELOCITY PROFILE IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 15(2), 225-237. https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.15.2.225-237

Most read articles by the same author(s)