RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUTRITION KNOWLEDGE AND AEROBIC FITNESS IN YOUNG GYMNASTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.12.2.195-202Keywords:
nutrition knowledge, nutrient intake, physical fitness, young gymnastsAbstract
This study aimed to analyze the nutrition knowledge, nutritional status, body composition, nutrient intake and physical fitness of young gymnasts. The study used a cross-sectional design with 20 subjects comprising rhythmic and artistic gymnasts in Raden Inten, Jakarta. Nutritional status and body composition were measured using anthropometric measurements, macronutrient and micronutrient intakes were measured with 3x24-h food recall, physical fitness was measured using the bleep test (20m shuttle run), and nutrition knowledge was assessed using questionnaires consisting of 30 questions on macronutrients, micronutrients and water. The results indicated that the gymnasts (n=20, 13.7±2.1 y.o, 37.8±8.2 kg and 147.3±10 cm) generally had a fairly good nutrition knowledge score (73.2%); i.e. 10 people in the good nutrition-knowledge group and 10 people in the poor nutrition-knowledge group. The majority of the macronutrient and micronutrient intakes were below the nutritional requirements, in both the good and poor nutrition-knowledge groups. The nutrition knowledge scores were low for hydration-related knowledge (66%), while the scores for macronutrient and micronutrient knowledge were 73.8% and 84.2%, respectively. This study found that nutrition knowledge had a positive correlation with physical fitness (p<0.05). A sports nutrition-related education intervention is needed for those gymnasts that still have poor nutrition knowledge. Sports nutrition knowledge needs to be provided for athletes and coaches so that athletes’ intakes meet their nutritional requirements in order to maximise their performance.
Downloads
References
Ávila-Carvalho, L., Klentrou, P., Palomero, M. da L. & Lebre, E. (2012). Body composition profile of elite group rhythmic gymnasts. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 4(1), 21–32.
Dallas, G.C., Dallas, C.G., Simatos, E.J. & Simatos, J.E. (2017). Nutritional recommendations and guidelines for women in gymnastics: Current aspects and critical interventions. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 9(1), 27–40.
Desbrow, B. & Mccormack, J. (2014). Sports Dietitians Australia Position Statement: Sports Nutrition for the Adolescent Athlete Medical aspects of Olympic diving View project PEACHTM Queensland View project. 570–584. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0031 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0031
Devlin, B. L., Leveritt, M. D., Kingsley, M. & Belski, R. (2017). Dietary intake, body composition, and nutrition knowledge of Australian football and soccer players: Implications for sports nutrition professionals in practice. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 27(2), 130–138. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0191
Douda, H.T., Toubekis, A.G., Avloniti, A.A. & Tokmakidis, S.P. (2008). Physiological and anthropometric determinants of rhythmic gymnastics performance. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 3(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.3.1.41 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.3.1.41
Holden, S.L., Forester, B.E., Smith, A. L., Keshock, C. M. & Williford, H. N. (2018). Nutritional Knowledge of Collegiate Athletes. Applied Research in Coaching & Athletics Annual, 33, 65–77.
Hoogenboom, B.J., Morris, J., Morris, C. & Schaefer, K. (2009). Nutritional knowledge and eating behaviors of female, collegiate swimmers. N Am J Sports Phys Ther 4(3):139-48.
Karabudak, E., Köksal, E., Ertaş, Y. & Küçükerdönmez, Ö. (2016). Dietary intake of Turkish gymnast and non-gymnast children. Nutrition and Dietetics, 73(2), 184–189.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1747-0080.12191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1747-0080.12191
Kolimechkov, S., Yanev, I., Kiuchukov I., Petrov, L., Alexandrova, A., Zaykova, D., & Stoimenov, E. (2019). Nutritional status and body composition of young artistic gymnasts from Bulgaria. Journal of Applied Sport Science, 1, 39-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37393/jass.2019.01.4
Lovell, G. (2008). Vitamin D Status of Females in an Elite Gymnastics Program. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 18(2), 159–161.
https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181650eee DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181650eee
Pouramir, M., Haghshenas, O. & Sorkhi H. (2004). Effects of gymnastic exercise on the body iron status and hematologic profile. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, 29(3), 140–141.
Malina, R. M. & Geithner, C. A. (2011). Body Composition of Young Athletes. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 5(3), 262–278.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827610392493 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827610392493
Malaguti, M., Scarpino, M., Angeloni, C. & Hrelia, S. (2019). The use of dietary supplements among soccer referees : How much do they know ? Journal of Human Sports & Exercise, 14(4), 856-865.
https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.144.14 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.144.14
Naughton, G., Gifford, J., Michael, S., O’Connor, H. & Heaney, S. (2016). Nutrition Knowledge in Athletes: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 21(3), 248–261.
https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.21.3.248 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.21.3.248
Nikolaidis, P. T. & Theodoropoulou, E. (2014). Relationship between Nutrition Knowledge and Physical Fitness in Semiprofessional Soccer Players. Scientifica, 1–5.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/180353 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/180353
Magee, P.J., Gallagher, A.M. & McCormack, J.M. High Prevalence of Dehydration and Inadequate Nutritional Knowledge Among University and Club Level Athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 27(2), 158-168.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0053 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0053
Silva, M.R.G., & Paiva, T. (2016). Poor precompetitive sleep habits, nutrients’ deficiencies, inappropriate body composition and athletic performance in elite gymnasts. European Journal of Sport Science, 16(6), 726–735.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2015.1103316 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2015.1103316
Spronk, I., Kullen, C., Burdon, C., & O’Connor, H. (2014). Relationship between nutrition knowledge and dietary intake. British Journal of Nutrition, 111(10), 1713–1726.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514000087 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514000087
Suchomel, T.J., Nimphius, S., & Stone, M. H. (2016). The Importance of Muscular Strength in Athletic Performance. Sports Medicine, 46, 1419-1449.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0486-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0486-0
Trakman, G. L., Forsyth, A., Devlin, B. L., & Belski, R. (2016). A systematic review of athletes’ and coaches’ nutrition knowledge and reflections on the quality of current nutrition knowledge measures. Nutrients, 8(9), 570.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8090570 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8090570
Valliant, M.W., Pittman, H., Wenzel, R.K. & Garner, B.H. (2012). Nutrition education by a registered dietitian improves dietary intake and nutrition knowledge of an NCAA female volleyball team. Nutrients, 4(6), 506–516. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu4060506 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu4060506