COMPARISON OF THE TRADITIONAL TRAINING METHOD TO TEACH HANDSTAND AND TRAINING THROUGH A RESEARCHER-MADE DEVICE AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE HANDSTAND DURATION, PAIN AND QUALITY OF PERFORMANCE IN 8-10-YEAR-OLD BEGINNER GYMNAST GIRLS

Solmaz Nabizadeh Morsalfard; Mohamed Hosein Nasermeli; Behnaz Ganji Namina

doi:10.52165/sgj.15.3.395-407

Authors

Solmaz Nabizadeh Morsalfard MA of Sports Injury & Corrective exercises, Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences. Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch.
Mohamed Hosein Nasermeli
Behnaz Ganji Namina

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.15.3.395-407

Keywords:

Handstand, aiding device, gymnastics, training quality, pain

Abstract

This research was conducted with the aim of comparing traditional handstand training and handstand training using a researcher-made device among beginner gymnast girls aged 8 to 10 years. To achieve this, 30 qualified female gymnasts were purposefully and conveniently selected and randomly assigned to two groups: one receiving educational assistance with the researcher-made device (n=15) and the other using the traditional method (n=15). Over a span of eight weeks, handstand movements were taught, with one group following traditional methods and the other utilizing the researcher-made device. Upon completion of the training period, various measurements were taken, including the duration of balance maintenance, balance quality as judged by experts, the range of motion in the wrist, elbow, shoulder, and ankle joints, and the assessment of pain in the wrist, elbow, shoulder, and lower back areas. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, MANOVA, and the Mann-Whitney test, with a significance level set at P≥ 0.05, and the analysis was conducted using SPSS 22 software. The results demonstrated that the use of the researcher-made balance training device led to a significant improvement in balance quality from the perspective of judges, as well as a notable reduction in pain in the shoulder, back, and wrist areas compared to the traditional training method. Additionally, there were no significant differences between the traditional method and the use of the device when considering factors such as balance performance quality as measured by deviation from the vertical line in various body joints, the duration of balance maintenance, the range of motion in the wrist, elbow, shoulder, ankle, and pain in the elbow and knee.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

A'boub, H. A., Mashkoor, Sh. H., & Mohammad, N. A. (2017). Learn the skill of handstand using an assistive device in artistic gymnastics for second-stage students. Al-Fath magazine, 27, 102-120. Doi: 10.23813/FA/72/5 (In Arabic)

Adnan, N. M. N., Ab Patar, M. N. A., Lee, H., Yamamoto, Sh-I., Jong-Young, L. & Mahmud, J. (2018). Biomechanical analysis using Kinovea for sports application. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 342, 012097. Doi:10.1088/1757-899X/342/1/0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/342/1/012097

Asseman, F., Caron, O., & Cremieux, J. (2004). Is there a transfer of postural ability from specific to unspecific postures in elite gymnasts? Neuroscience letters, 358(2), 83-6. Doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2003.12.102 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2003.12.102

Caine, D. J., & Nassar, L. (2005). Gymnastics injuries. Med. Sport. Sci., 48, 18-58. Doi: 10.1159/000084282 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000084282

Chandran, A., Roby, P. R., Boltz, A. J., Robison, H. J., Morris, S. N. & Collins, C. L. (2021). Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Gymnastics: 2014-2015 Through 2018-2019. J Athl Train, 1, 56(7), 688-694. Doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-635-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-635-20

DiFiori, J. P., Caine, D. J., & Malina, R. M. (2006). Wrist pain, distal radial physeal injury, and ulnar variance in the young gymnast. The American journal of sports medicine, 34(5), 840-9. Doi: 10.1177/0363546505284848 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546505284848

El Khouri, F. B., Meira Junior, K. M., Rodrigues, C. M. & Miranda, M. L. (2020). Effects of command and guided discovery teaching styles on acquisition and retention of the handstand. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA E ESPORTE, 34(1), 11-18. Doi: 10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1981-4690.v34i1p11-18

FIG Executive Committee. (2013). 2013-2016 CODE OF POINTS Women’s Artistic Gymnastics. FÉDÉRATION INTERNATIONALE DE GYMNASTIQUE, 202 p. Retrieved from https://gymnastics sresults.com/technical/code-of-points/2013-2016-wag-cop.pdf

Fransson, P. A., Kristinsdottir, E. K., Hafstrom, A., Magnusson, M. & Johansson, R. (2004). Balance control and adaptation during vibratory perturbations in middle-aged and elderly humans. European journal of applied physiology, 91 (5-6), 595-603. Doi: 10.1007/s00421-003-1013-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-003-1013-1

Ghasempour, H. (2008). Anthropometric characteristics of the elite men gymnasts and wrist and ankle injuries. MSc. Thesis. Tehran: University of Tehran. (In Persian)

Hart, E., Meehan, W. P., Bae, D. S., d'Hemecourt, P. & Stracciolini. A. (2018). The Young Injured Gymnast: A Literature Review and Discussion. Current Sports Medicine Report, 17 (11), 366-375. Doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000536 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000536

Jafari, A., & Bam, R. (2001). investigating the prevalence and causes of sports injuries in elite female gymnasts of the country. Move, 10, 107-24. (In Persian)

Jafari, A., Zafari, A., & Asghari Zamani, N. (2011). Investigating the prevalence and some possible causes of sports injuries among elite female gymnasts in Iran in 2008. Applied Sports Physiology Research Journal, 7(14), 45-54. (In Persian)

Kendall, F., McCreary, E., Provance, P., Rodgers, M. & Romani, W. (2005). Muscle testing and function with posture and pain. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publisher.

Knirsch, K., & Minnich, M. (2010). 65 basic movements in girls' gymnastics. Tehran: Bamdad Book, Alzahra University. (In Persian)

Kojima, M., Kinomura, Y., & Kuzuhara, K. (2021). Development of observational indicators for evaluating handstand posture in the mat exercise in physical education class: validity and reliability. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21(3), 2087-2096.

Liu, H., Xu, Q., Xing, X., Liu, D., Si, Sh., Wang, L., Lv, Y., Liao, Y. & Yang, H. (2022). Case Report: Passive Handstand Promotes Cerebrovascular Elasticity Training and Helps Delay the Signs of Aging: A 40-Year Follow-Up Investigation. Frontiers in Medicine, 9. Doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.752076 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.752076

Maleki, F., Nia, P.S., Zarghami, M. & Neisi, A. (2010). The Comparison of Different Types of Observational Training on Motor Learning of Gymnastics Handstand. Journal of Human Kinetics, 26, 13-9. Doi: 10.2478/v10078-010-0043-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-010-0043-0

Michlovitz, S. L., Harris, B. A., & Watkins, M. P. (2004). Therapy interventions for improving joint range of motion: A systematic review. Journal of hand therapy. official journal of the American Society of Hand Therapists, 17 (2), 118-31. Doi: 10.1159/00 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1197/j.jht.2004.02.002

Mohammadi, M., sadeghi. H., Shirzad, E. & Kkazemi, S. E. (2011). Functional role of upper limbs and hip in during control balance handstand performance in male gymnasts. International journal of sport studies, 1 (2): 86-90.

Nakano, J., Yamabayashi, C., Scott, A. & Reid, W. D. (2012). The effect of heat applied with stretch to increase range of motion: a systematic review. Phys Ther Sport;13(3),180-8. Doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2011.11.003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2011.11.003

POTOP, V. (2013). Influence of Sensory-Motor Coordination On the Technical Training in Women’s Artistic Gymnastics. Sciences of Human Kinetics, 6 (1), 37-46.

Razavi, A. (2004). Classified balance training in gymnastics. The growth of physical education, 12, 32-7. (In Persian)

Rohleder, J., & Vogt, T. (2019). Efficacy of wrist strategy coaching on handstand performances in novices: inverting explicit and implicit learning of skill-related motor tasks. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 11 (2), 209-222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.11.2.209-222

Shojauddin, S. S. (2003). Causes of sports injuries in students and prevention strategies. The growth of physical education, 10, 37-41. doi: 10.22122/jrrs. v9i3.967 (In Persian)

Uzunov, V. (2008). The handstand: A four stage training model. Gym Coach, 2, 52-59. Doi: 10.13140/RG.2.1.2985.1363

Vinken, P. M., & Heinen, T. (2015). Immediate and mid-term effects of elastic taping on gymnast’s postural control performance during a handstand. Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity, 7(4), 73-84. Doi: 10.29359/BJHPA.07.4.07 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29359/BJHPA.07.4.07

Vuillerme, N., Danion, F., Marin, L., Boyadjian, A., Prieur, J. M., Weise, I. & Nougier, V. (2001). The effect of expertise in gymnastics on postural control. Neuroscience letters, 303 (2), 83-6. Doi: 10.1016/S0304-3940(01)01722-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(01)01722-0

Vuillerme, N., Pinsault, N., & Vaillant, J. (2005). Postural control during quiet standing following cervical muscular fatigue: effects of changes in sensory inputs. Neuroscience letters, 378 (3), 135-9. Doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.12.024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2004.12.024

Webb, B. G., & Rettig, L. A. (2008). Gymnastics wrist injuries. Current sports medicine reports, 7(5), 289-295. Doi: 10.1249/JSR.0b013e3181870471 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0b013e3181870471

Woods, J.A., Lowder, T. W., & Keylock, K. T. (2002). Can exercise training improve immune function in the aged? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 959, 117-27. Doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632. 2002.tb02088.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02088.x

Wyatt, H. E., Vicinanza, D., Newell, K.M., Irwin, G. & Williams, G. K. R. (2021). Bidirectional causal control in the dynamics of handstand balance. Sci Rep., 11(1): 405. Doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79730-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79730-z