THE USE OF AUDIOVISUAL STIMULATION IN LEARNING GYMNASTIC ELEMENTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.10.2.259-272Keywords:
audio-visual stimulation, motor learning, imagery, heartAbstract
Nowadays, more and more people are aware of the difficulty to reach imposed goals and in their craving to improve their performance they often turn to different methods that help them realize their goals. The market offers many services, methods, products and machines that guarantee and promise better results. The purpose of this research was to study the impact of audio-visual stimulation (hereinafter: AVS), followed by visualization of gymnastic elements, on the improvement in performance of those gymnastic elements. The study was conducted on 39 first year students of the Faculty of Sport in Ljubljana, which attended the classes of Gymnastics and 19 of them, who were in the experimental group, attended AVS lessons twice a week. We expected AVS and visualization sessions to effect motor learning of gymnastic elements positively. Through the students' execution of gymnastic elements it was established how much the students had improved from the first lesson to the assessment. For audio-visual stimulation, the device “Therapeut”, where the participants attended an 11 minute program, that stimulated alpha and beta waves and should leave the participants refreshed and creative. Meters to determine heart rate and blood saturation, music and questionnaires with a scale to determine well-being were used. Progress of motoric learning of gymnastic elements, heart rate decline as well as changes in saturation and well-being were monitored. No results obtained in the observed parameters showed that we had any impact on the improvement and our study did not reveal any impact of AVS on the improvement of the observed parameters.
Downloads
References
Audio-vizuelna stimulacija s focus-om 101 [Audio-visual stimulation with focus 101]. (n.d.). Retrieved March 8, 2015, from http://www.talamus.org/dejavnosti/focus-101/.
Budzynski, T., & Budzynski, H. (2001). Brain brighten- ing - preliminary report, December 2001. Canada: Mind Alive Inc.
Conte, E. (2013). A fast fourier transform analysis of time series data of heart rate variability during alfa-rhythm stimulation in brain entrainment. Neuroquantology, 11(3), 410–415.
Cox, R. H. (2012). Sport psychology: Concepts and applications. Madison: Brown & Benchmark.
Cruceanu, D.V., & Rotarescu, S. V. (2013). Alpha brainwave entrainment as a cognitive performance activator. Cognition, Brain, Behavior,17 (3), 249–261.
Cucui, I., & Cucui, G. (2014). Motivation and its implications in sports performance. Civilization and sport, 15 (1), 67–71.
Čuk, I. (1996). Razvoj in analiza nove gimnastične prvine (seskok podmet salto naprej z bradlje)- doktorska disertacija [Development and analysis of the new gymnastics element (cast to salto forward from parallel bars)- doctoral dissertation]. Ljubljana: Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za šport.
Čuk, I., Bolkovič, T., Bučar-Pajek, M., Turšič, B., & Bricelj, A. (2006). Teorija in metodika športne gimnastike - vaje (delovni zvezek za študente univerzitetnega študija) [Theory and metodics of sports gymnastics – exercises (a workbook for students of the Faculty of sport]. Ljubljana: Fakulteta za šport, Inštitut za šport.
Davies, C. (2012). Creating multi-sensory environments: Practical ideas for teaching and learning. New York, NY: Routledge.
Eason, R.L., Brandon, J.E., Smith, T.L., & Serpas, D.C. (1986). Relaxation training effects on reaction/response time, frontalis EMG and behavioral measures of relaxation with hyperactive males. Adapted physical activity quarterly, 4 (3), 329-341.
Evans, J. R., & Turner, R. (2017). Rhythmic stimulation procedures in neuromodulation. London: Elsevier.
Gallucci, N. T. (2008). Sport psychology : performance enhancement, performance inhibition, individuals, and teams. New York: Psychology Press.
Goodin, P., Ciorciari, J., Baker, K., Carry, A.-M., Harper, M., & Kaufman, J. (2012). A high- density EEG investigation into steady state binaural beat stimulation. PLOS ONE, 7(4),
-9. doi: 10.1371/s10484-007-9043-9
Hanafi, H., Hashim, H., & Ghosh, A. (2011). Comparison of long-term effects of two types of relaxation techniques on choice reaction time and selected psyhological varaiables following intensity exercises in school level athletes. International journal of applied sport science, 23 (1), 183–197.
Harwood, C., & Anderson, R. (2015). Coaching psychological skills in youth football: developing the 5 Cs. Oakamoor: Bennion Kearny.
Jeromen, T., & Kajtna, T. (2008). Sproščanje: moj mali priročnik [Relaxation – my little manual]. Ljubljana: samozaložba.
Kajtna, T., & Jeromen, T. (2013). Šport z bistro glavo - utrinki iz športne psihologije za mlade športnike [Sport with a clear mind – flashes of sport psychology for young athletes]. Ljubljana: samozaložba.
Karageorghis, C. I., & Terry, P. C. (2011). Inside sport psychology. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics.
Kennerely, R. (2004). QEEG analysis of binaural beat audio entrainment: A pilot study. Journal of neurotherapy, 8, 122-127.
Lindemann, H. (1988). Avtogeni trening, sprostitev v stiski [Autogenic training – relaxation in need]. Cankarjeva Založba.
Lohaus, A., Hebling-Klein, J., Vogel, C., & Kuhn-Hennighausen, C. (2001). Psyhological effects of relaxation traning in children. British journal of health psychology, 6, 197–206.
Magill, R. A. (2011). Motor learning and control : concepts and applications. New York: McGraw-Hill.
McBride, E. R., & Rothstein, A. L. (1979). Mental and physical practice and the learning and retention of open and closed skills. Perceptual and motor skills, 49(2), 359-365.
Meacci, W. G., & Price, E. E. (1985). Acquisition and retention of golf putting skill through the relaxation, visualization and body rehearsal intervention. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 56(2), 176-179.
Poznik, V. (1990). Možganski aparat Therapeut [Brain device Therapeut]. Celje: Poznik, d. o. o.
Pistotnik, B. (1999). Osnove gibanja [Basics of movement]. Ljubljana: Fakulteta za šport, Inštitut za šport.
Ricker, J. (2015). Consciousness & Brain Activity. PSY-101. Retrieved March 27, 2015, from http://sccpsy101.com/home/chapter-2/section-6/
Schmidt, R. A., & Lee, T. D. (2011). Motor control and learning: a behavioral emphasis – 5th edition. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics.
Schott, N., Frenkel, M., Korbus, H., & Francis, K. (2013). Mental practice in orthopedic rehabilitation: where, what, and how? A case report. Movement & sport sciences, 82, 93–103.
Siever, D. (2002). The rediscovery of audio-visual entraiment technology. Edmond: Comtronic Devices Limited.
Siever, D. (2006). The application of audiovisual entrainment for the treatment of seniors’ issues. Canada: Mind Alive Inc.
Siever, D. (2012). Audio-visual entrainment: a novel way of boosting grades and socialization while reducing stress in the typical college student. Biofeedback, 40 (3), 115–124.
Stankovič, D., Rakovič, A., Joksomovič, A., Petkovič, E., & Joksomovič, D. (2011). Mental imagery and visualization in sport climbing training. APES, 39 (1), 35–38.
Šešum, A. (2015). Avdiovizualna stimulacija in predstavljanje kot pripomočka pri motoričnem učenju – diplomsko delo [Audiovisual stimulation and imagery as aids in motor learning – graduate thesis]. Ljubljana: Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za šport.
Terry, P. C., & Lane, A. M. (2010). User guide to Brunel Mood Scale. Toowomba: University of Southern Queensland
Ušaj, A. (2003). Osnove športnega treniranja [Basics of sports training]. Ljubljana: Fakulteta za šport.
Vasundhara, N., & Noohu, M. (2014). The effect of mental imagery on muscle strength and balance performance in recreational basketball players. Medicina sportiva, 10 (3), 2387–2393.
Videmšek, M., Berdajs, P., & Karpljuk, D. (2003). Mali športnik [Little athlete]. Ljubljana: Fakulteta za šport.
Williams, J. M. (2010). Applied sport psychology – personal growth to eak performance (4th edition). Mountain View: Mayfield publishing company.
Zajc, B. (1992). Motorične sposobnosti slovenskih tekmovalk v športni gimnastiki v primerjavi s povprečno šolsko populacijo – magistrsko delo [Motor abilities of Slovene female sports gmynasts in comparison with general population - bachelor's thesis]. Ljubljana: Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za šport.