WOMEN’S ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS IN BRAZIL: PATHS TAKEN FROM 1966 TO 2021

Authors

  • Leticia Bartholomeu de Queiroz Lima Federal University of Paraná
  • Marco Antonio Coelho Bortoleto University of Campinas
  • Maurício Santos Oliveira Federal University of Espírito Santo
  • Laurita Marconi Schiavon University of Campinas

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.16.2.225-253

Keywords:

Artistic Gymnastics, Brazil, Women, History

Abstract

Brazilian men’s and women’s Artistic Gymnastics (AG) has been in the spotlight due to the results of some outstanding athletes in the most important international competitions over the last 20 years. However, the development of this sport in the national context does not reflect these achievements. This article performs a critical analysis of Women’s Artistic Gymnastics (WAG) in Brazil, reviewing the trajectory of the main gymnasts and their achievements in the World Championships and Olympic Games from 1966 to 2021, as well as relevant contextual facts during this historical period. Medals in major events have been won since 2001, with gradual and unstable growth, placing Brazil among the most prominent countries. Nevertheless, the data suggest that the achievements were based on concentrated investment in elite gymnasts, mainly in the Olympic team, with the support of already established clubs. The development is still centralized in a few clubs, without showing a sustainable increase in the number of clubs and gymnasts. In this scenario, there is a need for a long-term plan that can sustain the development of the national ecosystem (clubs, local competitions, provincial federations) across all age-group categories and in connection with the national teams..

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Allen, M. (2017). The SAGE encyclopedia of communication research methods. California: SAGE.

Appolinário, F. (2006). Science Methodology. São Paulo, SP: Thomson.

Bortoleto, M. A. C. (2000). The objective and subjective character of artistic gymnastics. Master dissertation. Campinas: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física.

Bortoleto, M. A. C. & Schiavon, L. M. (2018). “Little notable”: sociological essay on Brazilian Artistic Gymnastics. In Giglio, S. S.; Amaral, S. C. F.; Ribeiro, O. C. F. & Bortoleto, M. A. C. (Orgs.), Múltiplos olhares sobre os Jogos Olímpicos (pp. 81-104). São Paulo, SP: Intermeios.

Carvalho, S. (2007). O discurso midiático da Ginástica Artística [The media discourse of Artistic Gymnastics]. Master dissertation. Brasília: Universidade Católica de Brasília.

Confederação Brasileira de Ginástica [CBG] (2021). Rebeca wins unprecedented medal for Brazil. Available from https://www.cbginastica.com.br/noticia/1666/rebeca_conquista_medalha_inedita_para_o_brasil (June 29, 2021).

Comitê Olímpico do Brasil [COB] (2015). COB inaugurates team brasil Artistic Gymnastics training center. Available from https://www.cob.org.br/pt/Noticia/cob-inaugura-ct-time-brasil-de-ginastica-artistica (March 29, 2019).

Comitê Olímpico do Brasil [COB] (2019). Time Brasil training center. Available from https://www.cob.org.br/pt/cob/time-brasil/centro-de-treinamento (June 30, 2020).

Comitê Olímpico do Brasil [COB] (2021). With silver, Rebeca Andrade wins Brazil's first Olympic medal. Available from https://www.cob.org.br/pt/galerias/noticias/com-a-prata-rebeca-andrade-conquista-a-primeira-medalha-olimpica-do-brasil/ (April 4, 2021).

Corrêa, A. J.; Silva, M. M.; Mezzadri, F. M. & Cavichiolli, F. R. (2014). Brazilian Summer Olympic Sport Financing: initial mapping of the “Athlete-Allowance” program (2005 –2011). Pensar a Prática, 17 (4), 1-15.

Costa, V. R. (2018). Retirement in Women`s Artistic Gymnastics in Brazil. Master dissertation. Ribeirão Preto: Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte.

Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique [FIG] (2019). Results. Available from http://www.gymnastics.sport/site/events/searchresults.php (March 3, 2019).

Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique [FIG] (2021). Results. Available from http://www.gymnastics.sport/site/events/searchresults.php (April 2, 2021).

Gismondi, L. (2013). Rio Velodrome closes doors this Friday and leaves athletes 'homeless'. Available from http://globoesporte.globo.com/outros-esportes/noticia/2013/02/velodromo-do-rio-fecha-portas-nesta-sexta-e-deixa-atletas-desabrigados.html (March 28, 2019).

Htun, M. & Weldon, S. L. (2018). The logics of gender justice: State action and women's rights around the world. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Império, B. (2009). Sergipe, new president takes CBG headquarters to Aracaju. Available from https://esporte.uol.com.br/ginastica/ultimas/2009/02/13/ult803u825.jhtm (March 23, 2019).

Lima, L. B. Q. (2016). Representativeness of São Paulo Women's Artistic Gymnastics in the Brazilian scenario (2011-2014). Master dissertation. Rio Claro: Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”.

Lima, L. B. Q. (2020). Factors leading to international sporting success of Women's Artistic Gymnastics in Brazil. Doctoral dissertation. Campinas: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física.

Melo, B. (2021). Olympics: Protagonist with silver, Rebeca Andrade does justice to the generations of Daiane dos Santos, Daniele Hypólito and Jade Barbosa in gymnastics. Available from http://arquivo.esporte.gov.br/index.php/ultimas-noticias/209-ultimas-noticias/52187-cob-inaugura-centro-de-treinamento-de-ginastica-artistica-no-rio-de-janeiro (March 21, 2022).

Ministério do esporte (2012). COB inaugurates Artistic Gymnastics Training Center in Rio de Janeiro. Available from (March 23, 2019).

Ministério do esporte (2013). COB hires a Russian coach to lead the women's gymnastics team. Available from http://esporte.gov.br/index.php/noticias/24-lista-noticias/34198-cob-contrata-tecnico-russo-para-comandar-selecao-feminina-de-ginastica (March 23, 2019).

Ministério do esporte (2014). CBG acquires imported equipment to renovate the national gymnastics structure. 2014. Available from http://www.esporte.gov.br/index.php/fique-por-dentro/67-lista-fique-por-dentro/47726- convenio-cbg-adquire-aparelhos-importados-para-renovar-estrutura-da-ginastica- nacional (December 10, 2015).

Ministério do esporte (2015). TC inaugurated by COB adds to federal government investments in gymnastics. Available from http://www.esporte.gov.br/index.php/noticias/24-lista-noticias/49674-ct-inaugurado-pelo-cob-se-soma-a-investimentos-em-curso-na-ginastica (March 28, 2019).

Molinari, C. I.; Costa, V. R.; Monteiro, K. O. F. F. & Nunomura, M. (2018). Critical analysis of the Brazilian Women's Artistic Gymnastics performance in the 2004-2016 Olympic Cycles. Science of Gymnastic Journal, 10 (1), 453-466.

Nunomura, M. (2004). Artistic Gymnastics Coach Education: international models. Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte, 12 (3), 63-69.

Nunomura, M. & Oliveira, M. S. (2012). Center of excellence for women artistic gymnastics: the Brazilian coaches' perspective. Motriz, 18 (2), 297- 392.

Nuzman, C. A. (1985). Carlos Nuzman, o pai da matéria. São Paulo, SP: Saque.

Oliveira, M. S. (2007). The evolution of Men's Artistic Gymnastics in the last 20 years (1987-2007). Graduation course. Campinas: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física.

Oliveira, M. S. (2010). The Panorama of Brazilian Men's Artistic Gymnastics: a historical-critical study of the period 2005-2008. Master dissertation. Campinas: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física.

Oliveira, M. S. (2014). The microculture of a high-performance Women's Artistic Gymnastics gym. Doctoral dissertation. São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte.

Oliveira, M. S. & Bortoleto, M. A. C. (2009). The Brazilian men’s artistic gymnastics in the international competitive panorama (1987-2008). Motriz, 15 (2), 297-309.

Oliveira, M. S.; Souza, A. S. S. & Nunomura M. (2021). Chalking up space for women in artistic gymnastics: the consolidation of uneven bars between the years 1952-1964. Motrivivência, 33 (1), 01-21.

Oliveira, M. S.; Souza, A. S. S.; Costa, A. R.; & Nunomura M. (2023). The balance beam as an artistic gymnastics apparatus for women: from origin to consolidation. Sciene of Gymnastic Journal, 15 (1), 269-284.

Placar Magazine (1984). Placar Magazine. n. 740, p. 62.

Poffo, F. (2009). Coach of the women's artistic gymnastics team regrets the end of the permanent selection. Available from http://globoesporte.globo.com/Esportes/Noticias/Mais_Esportes/0,,MUL1348553-16317,00-TECNICA+DA+EQUIPE+FEMININA+DE+GINASTICA+LAMENTA+FIM+DA+SELECAO+PERMANENTE.html (March 23, 2019).

Pombo, C. C. & Ohata, E. (2008). Country says goodbye to permanent selection and guru. Available from https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/esporte/fk1607200814.htm (March 18, 2019).

Publio, N. S. (2002). Historical evolution of Olympic gymnastics. Guarulhos, SP: Phorte.

Publio, N. S. (2006). Artistic Gymnastics. In Dacosta, L. (Org), Atlas do esporte no Brasil (pp. 224-225). Rio de Janeiro, RJ: CONFEF.

Schiavon, L. M. (2009). Women’s artistic gymnastics and oral history: the sports training of Brazilian athletes participating in the Olympic Games (1980-2004). Doctoral dissertation. Campinas: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física.

Schiavon, L. M. & Paes, R. R. (2012). Training conditions of Brazilian gymnasts who participated in the Olympic Games (1980-2004). Motriz, 18 (4), 757-769.

Schiavon, L. M.; Paes, R. R.; Toledo, E. & Deutsch, S. (2013). Overview of the high-performance Brazilian women's artistic gymnastic: progression, reality and necessities. Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte, 27 (3), 423-436.

USA Gymnastics (2023). 31st World Championships ‐ Artistic Gymnastics. Available from https://static.usagym.org/PDFs/Results/worlds_artistic_results_1995.pdf (November 25, 2023).

Vecchioli, D. (2019). What's wrong with Brazil's women's artistic gymnastics for staying out of Tokyo. Available from https://olharolimpico.blogosfera.uol.com.br/2019/10/16/ginastica-feminina-do-brasil-um-diagnostico-da-crise-que-bate-a-porta/ (November 28, 2019).

Vieira, S. & Freitas, A. (2007). What is artistic gymnastics: history, rules and curiosities. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Casa da Palavra.

Downloads

Published

2024-06-29

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Bartholomeu de Queiroz Lima, L., Coelho Bortoleto, M. A., Santos Oliveira, M., & Marconi Schiavon, L. (2024). WOMEN’S ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS IN BRAZIL: PATHS TAKEN FROM 1966 TO 2021. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 16(2), 225-253. https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.16.2.225-253