ANALYSIS OF THE PERCEPTION OF BODY IMAGE IN FIT KID ATHLETES

Lucía Selva; María Alejandra Ávalos-Ramos

doi:10.52165/sgj.16.3.401-412

Authors

Lucía Selva University of Alicante
María Alejandra Ávalos-Ramos University of Alicante

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.16.3.401-412

Keywords:

body dissatisfaction, BMI, leanness, competition level, aesthetic disciplines

Abstract

The aim of this research was to analyze the degree of dissatisfaction with body image—defined as the dissatisfaction resulting from the difference between the desired silhouette and the perceived one—among Fit Kid athletes. The study compared data based on age ranges and levels of competition and examined the possible association between higher weight and BMI with increased concern for body image. The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) was used, and data were analyzed using the SPSS 28.0 statistical package. The main findings reveal a higher degree of body image dissatisfaction at the highest level of competition (national level) and among athletes with higher BMI and weight. Specifically, the factor with the highest scores was body dissatisfaction with the lower body. This suggests a higher risk of body image issues in late adolescence and at higher competitive levels, as well as among athletes with higher BMI values. These findings could offer valuable insights for coaches, who might address these issues through collaboration with nutritionists and sports psychologists.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Arija, V., Santi, M. J., Novalbos, J. P., Canals, J., & Rodríguez, A. (2022). Characterization, epidemiology and trends of eating disorders. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 39(2), 8-15. https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.04173

Ariza, L., Salas, A., López, J., & Vernetta, M. (2021). Percepción de la imagen corporal en adolescentes practicantes y no practicantes de gimnasia acrobática. Retos, 39, 71-77. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.78282

Bloodworth, A., McNamee, M., & Tan, J. (2017). Autonomy, eating disorders and elite gymnastics: ethical and conceptual issues. Sport, Education and Society, 22(8), 878-889. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2015.1107829

Davison, K. K., Earnest, M. B., & Birch, L. L. (2002). Participation in aesthetic sports and girls’ weight concerns at ages 5 and 7 years. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31(3), 312-317. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.10043

Donti, O., Donti, A., Gaspari, V., Pleksida, P., & Psychountaki, M. (2021). Are they too perfect to eat healthy? Association between eating disorder symptoms and perfectionism in adolescent rhythmic gymnasts. Eating Behaviors, 41, :101514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101514

Durán, S., Rodríguez, M. P., Record, J., Barra, R., Olivares, R., Tapia, A.,…Neira, A. M. (2013). Autopercepción de la imagen corporal en estudiantes universitarios de Chile y Panamá. Revista Chilena de Nutrición, 40(1), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-75182013000100004

Francisco, R., Alarcão, M., & Narciso, I. (2012). Deportes estéticos como contextos de alto riesgo para los trastornos alimentarios: perspectivas de jóvenes bailarines y gimnastas de élite. Revista Española de Psicología, 15(1), 265-274. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_SJOP.2012.v15.n1.37333

Fortes, L. D. S., Neves, C. M., Filgueiras, J. F., Almeida, S. S., & Ferreira, M. E. C. (2013). Insatisfação corporal, comprometimento psicológico ao exercício e comportamento alimentar em jovens atletas de esportes estéticos. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano, 15(6), 695-704. https://doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2013v15n6p695

George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference.11.0 update (4th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.

Güemes-Hidalgo, M., Ceñal, M. J., & Hidalgo, M. I. (2017). Desarrollo durante la adolescencia. Aspectos físicos, psicológicos y sociales. Pediatría Integral, 21(4), 233-244. Retrieved from https://www.pediatriaintegral.es/publicacion-2017-06/desarrollo-durante-la-adolescencia-aspectos-fisicos-psicologicos-y-sociales/

Jiménez, P., Jiménez, A., & Bacardi, M. (2017). Insatisfacción con la imagen corporal en niños y adolescentes: revisión sistemática. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 34(2), 479-489. https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.455

Keski-Rahkonen, A., Hoek, H. W., Susser, E. S., Linna, M. S., Sihvola, E., Raevuori, A., Bulik, C. M., Kaprio, J., & Rissanen, A. (2007). Epidemiology and course of anorexia nervosa in the community. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(8), 1259-1265.

Kong, P., & Harris, L. M. (2014). The sporting body: body image and eating disorder symptomatology among female athletes from leanness focused and nonleanness focused sports. The Journal of Psychology, 149(2), 141-160. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2013.846291

Kontele, I., Vassilakou, T., & Donti, O. (2022). Weight pressures and eating disorder symptoms among adolescent female gymnasts of different performance levels in Greece. Children (Basel, Switzerland), 9(2), 254. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9020254

Little, C., Howell, D., Armento, A., McCarthy, A., & Sweeney, E. (2023). Concerns about weight and mental health among adolescent gymnasts: a pilot study. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 15(2), 205-212. https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.15.2.205-212

Lombardo, C., Battagliese, G., Lucidi, F., & Frost, R. O. (2012). Body dissatisfaction among pre-adolescent girls is predicted by their involvement in aesthetic sports and by personal characteristics of their mothers. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity, 17(2), e116-e127. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03325335

Márquez, S. (2008). Trastornos alimentarios en el deporte: factores de riesgo, consecuencias sobre la salud, tratamiento y prevención. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 23(3), 183-190. Retrieved from http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0212-16112008000300003&lng=es&tlng=es.

Maganto, C., & Cruz, S. (2002). La insatisfacción corporal como variable explicativa de los trastornos alimenticios. Revista De Psicología, 20(2), 53-59. https://doi.org/10.18800/psico.200202.002

Neves, C. M., Filgueiras, J. F., Berbert, P. H., Schubring, A., Barker-Ruchti, N., & Caputo, M. E. (2017). Body dissatisfaction in women's artistic gymnastics: a longitudinal study of psychosocial indicators. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(17), 1745-1751. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1235794

Nordin, S., Harris, G., & Cumming, J. (2003). Disturbed eating in young, competitive gymnasts: differences between three gymnastics disciplines. European Journal of Sport Science, 3(5), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390300073502

Palacios, V., & Sánchez, A. (2016). Composición corporal y riesgo de trastorno de conducta alimentaria en atletas de gimnasia rítmica del Estado Carabobo. Salus, 20(3), 7-11. Retrieved from http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1316-71382016000300003&lng=es&tlng=.

Papacharalampous, K. E., Dallas, C., & Dallas, G. (2022). Detection of eating disorders in male and female artistic gymnasts. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 14(3), 421-433. https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.14.3.421-433

Paredes, M. (n. d.). Historia. Fit Kid - FEBD. Retrieved from https://www.febd.es/disciplinas/bailes-caribenos-2/

Raich, R. M. (2001). Imagen corporal: conocer y valorar el propio cuerpo. Ediciones Pirámide.

Raich, R. M., Mora, M., Soler, A., Clos, I., & Zapater, L. (1996). Adaptación de un instrumento de evaluación de la insatisfacción corporal. Clínica y Salud, 7(1), 51-66. Retrieved from https://journals.copmadrid.org/clysa/art/f2217062e9a397a1dca429e7d70bc6ca#resumen

Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2015). Kaplan & Sadock. Sinopsis de psiquiatría (11.a ed.). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Wolters Kluwer Health

Salas, A., Gutiérrez, Á., Ariza, L., & Vernetta, M. (2023). Eating disorders in spanish acrobatic gymnasts based on sex and competitive level. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 15(2), 173-190. https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.15.2.173-190

Salazar, Z. (2008). Adolescencia e imagen corporal en la época de la delgadez. Reflexiones, 87 (2), 67-80. Retrieved from https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=72912555004

Schilder, P. (2013). La imagen y apariencia del cuerpo humano (Vol. 163). Rutledge.

Swanson, S. A., Crow, S. J., Le Grange, D., Swendsen, J., & Merikangas, K. R. (2011). Prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in adolescents: results from the national comorbidity survey replication adolescent supplement. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(7), 714-723. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.22

Tan, J., Bloodworth, A., McNamee, M., & Hewitt, J. (2012). Investigating eating disorders in elite gymnasts: conceptual, ethical, and methodological issues. European Journal of Sport Science, 14(1), 60-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2012.728632

Torres, C., Espinoza, K. T., Perez, C. A., Viteri-Condori, L., Aguilar, J., & Rondan, A. T. (2017). Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad de Perú. Revista Cubana de Salud Pública, 43(4), 551-561. Retrieved from http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/rcsp/v43n4/spu06417.pdf

Valles, G., Hernández, E., Baños, R., Moncada-Jiménez, J., & Rentería, I. (2020). Distorsión de la imagen corporal y trastornos alimentarios en adolescentes gimnastas respecto a un grupo control de adolescentes no gimnastas con un IMC similar. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 37, 297-302. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v37i37.67090

Vernetta, M., Montosa, I., & Peláez, E. M. (2018). Estima corporal en gimnastas adolescentes de dos disciplinas coreográficas: gimnasia rítmica y gimnasia acrobática. Psychology, Society & Education, 10(3), 301-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/psye.v10i3.2216

Vernetta, M., Peláez, E. M., Ariza, L., & López, J. (2018). Dieta mediterránea, actividad física e índice de masa corporal en adolescentes rurales de Granada (España). Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria, 38(1), 71-80. https://doi.org/10.12873/381EPelaez