Evaluation of Sawdust as a Sustainable Dye Source in Ethiopia

Chandrasekaran P.; Saminathan Ratnapandian

doi:10.14502/tekstilec.65.2022085

Authors

Chandrasekaran P. Kumaraguru College of Technology, Department of Textile Technology, Coimbatore, 641049, India Author
Saminathan Ratnapandian Kumaraguru College of Technology, Department of Textile Technology, Coimbatore, 641049, India Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2905-2333

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec.65.2022085

Keywords:

natural dyes, sawdust, mordanting, wool, cotton

Abstract

Increasing eco-consciousness among consumers is creating an expanding niche market for textiles coloured using natural dyes. Natural dyes are derived from different parts of plants, animals (insects and invertebrates) and minerals. Although plant sources are common, a growing global population makes them compete with food crops. Hence, there is a need to investigate alternate avenues for procuring natural dyes. This research examined the feasibility of utilizing extractions of sawdust, a waste product of the wood furniture industry, as a natural colorant. Sawdust is an inevitable waste generated during the conversion of wood into consumer products such as furniture (tables, chairs, etc.), doors and windows. Sawdust, generated in significant amounts by timber mills, may be used in chipboard manufacture. However, the furniture industry disposes of sawdust as fuel or sometimes as communal waste. In this study, segregated sawdust of the most common woods was collected from Ethiopian furniture houses in Addis Ababa and Bahir Dar. Dyeing was attempted on cotton and wool fabrics using individual aqueous extractions. Different shades were obtained only on wool by simultaneous mordanting with mordants, such as copper sulphate, ferrous sulphate and potassium dichromate, using the exhaust dyeing method. Acceptable fastness to light, perspiration, rubbing and washing, as evaluated according to the relevant ISO standards, was obtained. It may be concluded that sawdust is a viable secondary source of natural dyes for textile coloration in Ethiopia and elsewhere.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

CARDON, D. Natural dyes: sources, tradition, technology and science. London : Archetype Publications, 2007.

SHAHID, M., MOHAMMAD, F. Recent advancements in natural dye applications: a review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2013, 53, 310−331, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.03.031. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.03.031

CHAKRABORTY, J.N. Fundamentals and practices in colouration of textiles. New Delhi : Woodhead Publishing, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/b18243

BROADBENT, A.D. Basic principles of textile coloration. Vol. 13. Bradford : Society of Dyers and Colorists, 2001.

SARAVANAN, P., CHANDRAMOHAN, G., MARIAJANCYRANI, J., KIRUTHIKAJOTHI, K. Eco-friendly dyeing of cotton fabric with natural dye extracted from flowers of Lantana camara linn. International Journal of Bioassays, 2014, 3(1), 1653−1656.

DEVI, M., ARIHARAN, V.N., PRASAD, N. Annato: eco-friendly and potential source for natural dye. International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 2013, 4(6), 1−3, doi: 10.7897/2230-8407.04623. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.04623

GARG, V.K., AMITA, M., KUMAR, R., GUPTA, R. Basic dye (methylene blue) removal from simulated wastewater by adsorption using Indian Rosewood sawdust: a timber industry waste. Dyes and Pigments, 2004, 63(3), 243−250, doi: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2004.03.005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2004.03.005

SENGUPTA, S. Sound reduction by needle-punched nonwoven fabrics. Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research, 2010, 35(3), 237−242.

ZAHARIA, C., SUTEU, D., MURESAN, A. Options and solutions for textile effluent decolorization using some specific physico-chemical treatment steps. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 2012, 11(2), 493−509. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2012.062

BECHTOLD, T., MUSSAK, R., MAHMUD‐ALI, A., GANGLBERGER, E., GEISSLER, S. Extraction of natural dyes for textile dyeing from coloured plant wastes released from the food and beverage industry. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2006, 86(2), 233–242, doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2360. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2360

SIVAKUMAR, V., ANNA, J.L., VIJAYEESWARRI, J., SWAMINATHAN, G. Ultrasound assisted enhancement in natural dye extraction from beetroot for industrial applications and natural dyeing of leather. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2009, 16(6), 782−789, doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2009.03.009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2009.03.009

MUSA, A.E., MADHAN, B., MADHULATHA, W., RAO, J.R., GASMELSEED, G.A., SADULLA, S. Coloring of leather using henna - natural alternative material for dyeing. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association, 2009, 104(5), 183−190.

INAYAT, A., KHAN, S.R., WAHEED, A., DEEBA, F. Applications of ecofriendly natural dyes on leather using different mordants. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences, 2010, 47(3), 131−135.

ÖNEM, E., GÜLÜMSER, G., OCAK, B. Evaluation of natural dyeing of leather with Rubia tinctorum extract. Ekoloji Dergisi, 2011, 20(80), 81−87.

SELVI, A. T., ARAVINDHAN, R., MADHAN, B., RAO, J. R. Studies on the application of natural dye extract from Bixa orellana seeds for dyeing and finishing of leather. Industrial Crops and Products, 2013, 43, 84−86, doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.07.015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.07.015

RATNAPANDIAN, S., FERGUSSON, S. M., WANG, L. Application of acacia natural dyes on cotton by pad dyeing. Fibers and Polymers, 2012, 13(2), 206−211, doi: 10.1007/s12221-012-0206-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-012-0206-9

RATNAPANDIAN, S., ISLAM, S., WANG, L., FERGUSSON, S.M., PADHYE, R. Colouration of cotton by combining natural colourants and bio-polysaccharide. The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2013, 104(12), 1269−1276, doi: 10.1080/00405000.2013.797143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2013.797143

RATNAPANDIAN, S., WANG, L., FERGUSSON, S., NAEBE, M. Effect of atmospheric plasma treatment on pad-dyeing of natural dyes on wool. Journal of Fiber Bioengineering and Informatics, 2011, 4(3), 267−276, doi: 10.3993/jfbi09201106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3993/jfbi09201106

PANTHAPULAKKAL, S., ZERESHKIAN, A., SAIN, M. Preparation and characterization of wheat straw fibers for reinforcing application in injection molded thermoplastic composites. Bioresource technology, 2006, 97(2), 265−272, doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.02.043. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.02.043

BECHTOLD, T., MUSAK, R. Handbook of natural colorants. Chichester : John Wiley & Sons, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470744970

BECHTOLD, T., MAHMUD-ALI, A., MUSSAK, R. Natural dyes for textile dyeing: a comparison of methods to assess the quality of Canadian golden rod plant material. Dyes and pigments, 2007, 75(2), 287−293, doi: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2006.06.004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2006.06.004

BECHTOLD, T., MAHMUD‐ALI, A., MUSSAK, R. Anthocyanin dyes extracted from grape pomace for the purpose of textile dyeing. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2007, 87(14), 2589−2595, doi: 10.1002/jsfa.3013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3013

SHRIKHANDE, A. J. Extraction and intensification of anthocyanins from grape pomace and other material. U.S. Patent No. 4,452,822. Washington : U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, 1984.

TRINIDAD, Harold Louis, SAGUIN, DC Vincent, NAMOCOT, Wilson Jr., de GUZMAN, Avon Aurel. Powder dye from coconut lumber sawdust [online]. Philippine Science High School [accessed 25. 1. 2023]. Available on World Wide Web: <http://scinet.science.ph/union/Downloads/Freshman%20vol.19%20Issue6_63416.pdf>

CEREMPEI, A., MUREŞAN, E.I., CIMPOEŞU, N., CARP-CĂRARE, C., RIMBU, C. Dyeing and antibacterial properties of aqueous extracts from quince (Cydonia oblonga) leaves. Industrial Crops and Products, 2016, 94, 216−225, doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.08.018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.08.018

İŞMAL, Ö. E., YILDIRIM, L., ÖZDOĞAN, E. Use of almond shell extracts plus biomordants as effective textile dye. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2014, 70, 61−67, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.055. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.055

ROSSI, T., SILVA, P.M.S., DE MOURA, L.F., ARAÚJO, M.C., BRITO, J.O., FREEMAN, H.S. Waste from eucalyptus wood steaming as a natural dye source for textile fibers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017, 143, 303−310, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.109

WANGATIA, L.M., TADESSE, K., MOYO, S., WANGATIA, L.M., TADESSE, K., MOYO, S. Mango bark mordant for dyeing cotton with natural dye: fully eco-friendly natural dyeing. International Journal of Textile Science, 2015, 4(2), 36−41, doi: 10.5923/j.textile.20150402.02.

HAYAT, T., ADEEL, S., BATOOL, F., AMIN, N., AHMAD, T., OZOMAY, M. Waste black tea leaves (Camelia sinensis) as a sustainable source of tannin natural colorant for bio-treated silk dyeing. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022, 29(16), 24035−24048, doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-17341-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17341-5

BATOOL, F., IQBAL, N., AZEEM, M., ADEEL, S., ALI, M. Sustainable dyeing of cotton fabric using black carrot (Daucus carota L.) plant residue as a source of natural colorant. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2019, 28(5), 3081-3087, doi: 10.15244/pjoes/93712. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/93712

ALI, A., ALI, S., SALEEM, H., HUSSAIN, T. Effect of tannic acid and metallic mordants on the dyeing properties of natural dye extracted from Acacia nilotica bark. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2010, 22(9), 7065–7069.

İŞMAL, Ö.E., Greener natural dyeing pathway using a by-product of olive oil; prina and biomordants. Fibers and Polymers, 2017, 18(4), 773−785, doi: 10.1007/s12221-017-6675-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6675-0

BASERI, S. Sustainable dyeing of wool yarns with renewable sources. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022, 29, 53238–53248, doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19629-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19629-6

SHEIKH, J., SINGH, N., PINJARI, D. Sustainable functional coloration of linen fabric using kigelia africana flower colorant. Journal of Natural Fibers, 2021, 18(6), 888−897, doi: 10.1080/15440478.2019.1658260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2019.1658260

KECHI, A., CHAVAN, R.B., MOECKEL, R. Ethiopian dye plants as a source of natural dyes for cotton dyeing. Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology, 2013, 3(4), 501−510.

GETANEH, B. Competitiveness analysis of Ethiopian furniture industry. Addis Ababa : Addis Ababa University, 2014.

SHUKA, G. Value chain analysis of chipwood and furniture companies: the case of Ethiopian Chipwood and Furniture Share Company (ECAFCO SC). Doctoral Dissertation. Addis Ababa : St. Mary's University, 2015.

GULRAJANI, M. Present status of natural dyes. Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research, 2001, 26, 191−201.

GULRAJANI, M.L., SRIVASTAVA, R.C., GOEL, M. Colour gamut of natural dyes on cotton yarns. Coloration Technology, 2001, 117(4), 225−228, doi: 10.1111/j.1478-4408.2001.tb00066.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.2001.tb00066.x