Ocena žagovine kot vira trajnostnega barvila v Etiopiji
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec.65.2022085Ključne besede:
naravna barvila, žagovina, čimžanje, volna, bombažPovzetek
Vse globlja ekološka ozaveščenost med potrošniki ustvarja čedalje večjo tržno nišo za tekstilije, obarvane z naravnimi barvili. Naravna barvila se pridobivajo iz različnih delov rastlin, živali (žuželk in nevretenčarjev) in mineralov. Rastlinski viri, ki se najpogosteje uporabljajo za te namene, so zaradi naraščajoče svetovne populacije namenjeni predvsem pridobivanju hrane. Zato je treba raziskati alternativne vire pridobivanja naravnih barvil. V tej raziskavi je bila kot vir naravnega barvila proučena možnost uporabe ekstrakta iz žagovine, ki je odpadek pohištvene industrije. Žagovina je neizogiben odpadek, ki nastane pri predelavi lesa v izdelke za široko porabo, kot so pohištvo (mize, stoli itd.), vrata in okna. Žagovina, ki v znatnih količinah nastaja v obratih za žaganje hlodov, se lahko uporablja pri proizvodnji ivernih plošč. Vendar pa pohištvena industrija odlaga žagovino tudi kot gorivo ali včasih kot komunalne odpadke. Za potrebe te študije je bila ločeno zbrana žagovina najbolj razširjenih gozdov iz etiopskih pohištvenih obratov v Adis Abebi in Bahir Darju. S posameznimi vodnimi ekstrakti so bile barvane bombažne in volnene tkanine. Različni barvni odtenki so bili po metodi izčrpavanja doseženi le na volneni tkanini s sočasnim čimžanjem s sredstvi, kot so bakrov sulfat, železov sulfat in kalijev dikromat. Dosežene so bile sprejemljive obstojnosti na svetlobo, znoj, drgnjenje in pranje, ki so bile ocenjene v skladu s standardi ISO. Na podlagi izvedene raziskave je mogoče sklepati, da je žagovina uspešen sekundarni vir naravnih barvil za barvanje tekstila v Etiopiji in drugod.
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